Table 2.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of US–Born Tuberculosis Patients by Period, US National Tuberculosis Surveillance System, 2010–2013, compared with 2014–2017.
| Characteristic | 2010–2013 n = 15217 No. (%) |
2014–2017 n = 11859 No. (%) |
Adjusted Risk Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)a | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| 0–4 | 1119 (7.4) | 832 (7.0) | 0.98 (0.9–1.1) | .53 |
| 5–14 | 549 (3.6) | 477 (4.0) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | .05 |
| 15–24 | 1334 (8.9) | 1110 (9.4) | 0.98 (0.9–1.0) | .38 |
| 25–44 | 3244 (21.3) | 2539 (21.4) | Ref. | |
| 45–64 | 5545 (36.4) | 4106 (34.6) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | .30 |
| ≥65 | 3426 (22.5) | 2792 (23.5) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | <.0001 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 5088 (33.4) | 3667 (30.9) | Ref. | |
| Asian, non-Hispanic | 535 (3.5) | 560 (4.7) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | <.0001 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 5905 (38.8) | 4399 (37.1) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | .29 |
| Hispanic | 2917 (19.2) | 2507 (21.1) | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) | <.0001 |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native, non-Hispanic | 536 (3.5) | 462 (3.9) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | .003 |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic | 110 (0.7) | 158 (1.3) | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | <.0001 |
| Other, non-Hispanicb | 126 (0.8) | 106 (0.9) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | .21 |
| HIV status (referent = HIV status negative) | ||||
| Positive | 1271 (8.4) | 804 (6.8) | 0.8 (0.8–0.9) | <.0001 |
| Unknownc | 3039 (20.0) | 1530 (12.9) | 0.7 (0.6–0.7) | <.0001 |
| Site of disease (referent = extra-pulmonary disease) | ||||
| Pulmonary disease only | 11267 (74.0) | 8748 (73.8) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | .036 |
| Pulmonary and extra-pulmonary disease | 1318 (8.7) | 1121 (9.5) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | .005 |
| Chest radiology (referent = normal chest radiograph) | ||||
| Cavitary disease | 3561 (23.4) | 2719 (22.9) | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | .005 |
| No cavitary disease | 8793 (57.8) | 6867 (57.9) | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | .08 |
| Sputum smear results (referent = smear negative) | ||||
| Positive | 5585 (36.7) | 4516 (38.1) | 1.1 (1.0–1.1) | .002 |
| Unknown | 3274 (21.5) | 2573 (21.7) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | <.0001 |
| Other Risk Factors (referent = not having risk factor) | ||||
| Residing in a correctional institution | 743 (4.9) | 515 (4.3) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | <.0001 |
| Excess alcohol use | 3067(20.2) | 2089 (17.6) | 0.9 (0.8–0.9) | <.0001 |
| Noninjecting-drug use | 2158 (14.2) | 1846 (15.6) | 1.2 (1.1–1.2) | <.0001 |
AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.
Adjusted risk ratio and 99% confidence intervals shown for patient characteristics left in the final multivariable model. Variables were adjusted for sex; homelessness, injecting-drug use within the year prior to diagnosis; living in a longterm care facility at the time of diagnosis of TB; diabetes, end-stage renal disease, previous history of TB, history of incomplete treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonist drugs, contact with an MDR TB patient, being missed contact of a person with TB disease, post-organ transplantation, immunosuppression not associated with HIV/AIDS, treatment for latent tuberculosis infection, contact with an infectious TB or a multidrug-resistant TB patient, missed contact with active TB patient.
“Other” race/ethnicity includes persons of unknown or missing race (2010–2013, n = 42, 2014–2017, n = 12) and more than one race selected (2010–2013, n = 84; 2014–2017, n = 94).
HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus status unknown is a combination of test result unknown, test refused, test not done, test not offered, and test result indeterminate.