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. 2020 Feb 25;12:43. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00043

Table 1.

Summarizes the main PD clinical and demographic features associated with smell and taste impairment.

Factors associated with sense impairment in PD Sense
Smell Taste
Gender Male Male
Age Older age Older Age
Disease fenotype Rigid-Akinetic type, PIGD type No difference
Associated features Cognitive impairmentgayu Higher H&Y stage Cognitive impairment
Appearance at the stage of illness Early/Prodromic Intermediate/Late
Smoking habits Non smokers Not investigated
Prevalence 75–90% ≈10%
Treatment Olfactory training No specific treatment