Table 1.

Primers used for real-time PCR analyses of mRNA expression

Gene	Primer Efficiency, %	Forward Primer (5′→3′)	Reverse Primer (5′→3′)
ACTB	107	GAGCACAGAGCCTCGCCTTT	TCATCATCCATGGTGAGCTGGC
B2M	98	TGCTGTCTCCATGTTTGATGTATCT	TCTCTGCTCCCCACCTCTAAGT
cyt c	98.8	GGGCCAAATCTCCATGGTCT	TCTCCCCAGATGATGCCTTT
GAPDH	106	AATCCCATCACCATCTTCCA	TGGACTCCACGACGTACTCA
HSPA1A	99	GGGCCTTTCCAAGATTGCTG	GGTGGGTCCCATAACCCTTG
KAT2A	95	TGACCCGAAGCACAAGACTC	GGTGGGTCCCATAACCCTTG
NRF-1	80.7	CTACTCGTGTGGGACAGCAA	AGCAGACTCCAGGTCTTCCA
NRF-2	92	AAGTGACAAGATGGGCTGCT	TGGACCACTGTATGGGATCA
p53	101.8	GTTCCGAGAGCTGAATGAGG	TTATGGCGGGAGGTAGACTG
PGC-1α	103.6	GGCAGAAGGCAATTGAAGAG	TCAAAACGGTCCCTCAGTTC
PHF20	117.5	GTGGGGCCGTGAGGAGAATA	AACTGGGCTCCCACTTCAAA
PPARα	92.7	GGCAGAAGAGCCGTCTCTACTTA	TTTGCATGGTTCTGGGTACTGA
PPARδ	109	CATCATTCTGTGTGGAGACCG	AGAGGTACTGGGCATCAGGG
PPARγ	103.7	CTTGTGAAGGATGCAAGGGTT	GAGACATCCCCACTGCAAGG
SIRT1	99.5	ACGCTGGAACAGGTTGCGGGA	AAGCGGTTCATCAGCTGGGCAC
TBP	99	CAGTGACCCAGCAGCATCACT	AGGCCAAGCCCTGAGCGTAA
TFAM	109.3	CCGAGGTGGTTTTCATCTGT	GCATCTGGGTTCTGAGCTTT

ACTB, β-actin; B2M, beta-2-microglobulin; cyt c, cytochrome c; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HSPA1A, heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A (HSP70); KAT2A, histone acetyltransferase KAT2A (GCN5); NRF-1, nuclear respiratory factor 1; NRF-2, nuclear respiratory factor 2; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α; PHF20, plant homeodomain finger-containing protein 20; PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α; PPARδ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; SIRT1, NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1; TBP, TATA-binging protein; TFAM, mitochondrial transcription factor A.