Fig. 6.

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK 1/2) and tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) activation in longissimus dorsi muscle of neonatal pigs fed low-protein (LP) diets supplemented with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) or leucine (Leu) or a high-protein (HP) diet. A: phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 (p-ERK 1/2) (study 1). B: phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 (study 2). C: phosphorylation of TSC2 (p-TSC2) (study 1). D: phosphorylation of TSC2 (study 2). AU, arbitrary units; HMB4, HMB40, and HMB80, 4, 40, and 80 μmol HMB·kg body wt⁻¹·day⁻¹. On the blot images, white lines between bands indicate where images from the same blots were spliced to adjust sample order on the membrane for presentation. Phosphorylated forms were normalized to the total abundances of their respective proteins. Statistical analyses were performed with 1-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Values are means ± SE; n = 7–10 pigs. Means with different letters differ at P < 0.05.