Fig. 6.

Central autonomic pathways based on a composite of work in feline and rodent models. The basis for the various connections and receptor types is described in the text. CMR, caudal medullary raphe; CVLM, caudal ventrolateral medulla; CVLP, caudal ventrolateral pons; LTF, lateral tegmental field; NMDA, N-methyl-d-aspartate; NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract; RVLM, rostral ventrolateral medulla; SE, sympathoexcitatory; SI, sympathoinhibitory. Data from numerous anatomical and electrophysiological studies demonstrate the connections shown here (5, 12–14, 17, 18, 26, 27, 30, 38, 39, 47, 51, 69, 78, 79, 86–88, 91, 93, 96, 98, 104, 107, 108, 114).