Table 2.

Example of drugs used in systemic studies

Drug	Class	Ref. No.
Dopamine	α- and β-Dopamine agonist	131
Dexmedetomidine	α2-Adrenergic agonist	296
Epinephrine	α- and β-Adrenergic agonist	62
Glycopyrrolate	Cholinergic antagonist	296
Insulin	Hormone-hypoglycemic	10
Phentolamine	α1- and α2-Adrenergic antagonist	237
Phenylephrine†	Vasoconstrictor: α1-agonist	159
Phenylephrine‡	Vasoconstrictor: α1-agonist	37
Propranolol	β1- and β2-Adrenergic antagonist	158
Sodium nitroprusside†	Vasodilator: nitric oxide	159
Sodium nitroprusside‡	Vasodilator: nitric oxide	37
Terbutaline	β2-Adrenergic agonist	113
Trimethaphan*	Ganglionic blocker	6

^*Historical (not Food and Drug Administration approved, limited availability, or no longer manufactured);

^†infusion titration, or

^‡modified Oxford technique.