Fig. 8.
AMI-1 inhibits phosphorylation of Smad3 in obstructed kidneys and cultured rat interstitial fibroblasts. Kidney tissue (A) or cell lysates (C) were subjected to immunoblot analysis with antibodies against phosphorylated (p)Smad3, Smad3, or GAPDH. pSmad3 was quantified by densitometry and normalized with Smad3 (B and D). Values are means ± SD of at least three independent experiments. *P < 0.05 vs. the sham control group and other groups as indicated. TGF-β1, transforming growth factor β1; UUO, unilateral ureteral obstruction.