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In vitro murine CD4 cell NF-κB induction. Exposure of CD4 cells to T cell receptor-stimulating conditions (anti-CD3/CD28-coated beads: anti-CD3/28) led to a significant increase in NF-κB signaling, quantified by ELISA as phosphorylated Ser536 p65 (pSer536-p65) to total p65 ratio, at 15 min. 6-Shogaol (6-S) 10 µM significantly inhibited this effect. n = 9 mice, ANOVA with matched comparisons and Bonferonni posttest analyses. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
