Table 1. Baseline Characteristics.
| Characteristic | Participants, No. (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Hypertension Coaching Application and Home Monitor: Intervention (n = 144) | Tracking Application and Home Monitor: Control (n = 153) | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 59.6 (12.4) | 58.3 (13.2) |
| Female | 91 (63.2) | 91 (59.5) |
| Ethnicity, Hispanic or Latino | 10 (6.9) | 13 (8.5) |
| Race | ||
| Asian | 4 (2.8) | 9 (5.9) |
| Black | 56 (38.9) | 47 (30.7) |
| White | 73 (50.7) | 80 (52.3) |
| Other or unknown | 11 (7.6) | 17 (11.1) |
| Education | ||
| Less than high school graduate | 3 (2.1) | 2 (1.3) |
| Grade 12 or General Education Development examination | 10 (6.9) | 16 (10.5) |
| College 1-3 y | 27 (18.8) | 28 (18.3) |
| College ≥4 y | 103 (71.5) | 107 (69.9) |
| Unknown | 1 (0.7) | 0 |
| Primary language | ||
| English | 141 (97.9) | 144 (94.1) |
| Other | 3 (2.1) | 8 (5.2) |
| Refused to identify | 0 | 1 (0.7) |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 26 (18.1) | 30 (19.6) |
| Diabetes | 28 (19.4) | 26 (17.0) |
| Coronary heart disease | 5 (3.5) | 10 (6.5) |
| Stroke | 4 (2.8) | 6 (3.9) |
| Heart failure | 1 (0.7) | 6 (3.9) |
| Body mass index, mean (SD)a | 31.9 (8.3) | 31.7 (7.8) |
| Current smoker | 4 (2.8) | 8 (5.2) |
| Generalized self-efficacy score, mean (SD)b | 33.7 (4.4) | 33.8 (4.4) |
| No. of antihypertensive agents used | ||
| 0 | 34 (23.6) | 54 (35.3) |
| 1 | 61 (42.4) | 44 (28.8) |
| 2 | 35 (24.3) | 40 (26.1) |
| ≥3 | 14 (9.7) | 15 (9.8) |
a
Body mass index is calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
b
Self-efficacy is measured on a scale of 10 to 40 according to the sum of responses to 10 questions, with each question having options from 1 (not at all true) to 4 (exactly true).21