Table 1. Demographic Characteristics and Premortem Conditions in Control Deaths Due to Trauma, Presumed SCDs, and Autopsy-Defined SAD or Non-SAD.
| Characteristic | All Presumed SCD (n = 525) | QTPM Exposure | Trauma Controls (n = 104) | P Value, Trauma Controls All Presumed SCD | Presumed SCD | P Value, SAD vs Non-SAD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (n = 234) | Low (n = 112) | Moderate (n = 122) | High (n = 57) | Autopsy-Defined SAD (n = 293) | Non-SAD (n = 232) | |||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 62.6 (14.7) | 61.5 (15.6) | 65.0 (14.1) | 64.3 (14.3) | 60.3 (11.6) | 55.1 (19.4) | <.001 | 63.9 (14.5) | 60.9 (14.8) | .01 |
| Male, No. (%) | 362 (69.0) | 169 (72.2) | 78 (69.6) | 80 (65.6) | 35 (61.4) | 77 (74.0) | .30 | 220 (75.1) | 142 (61.2) | <.001 |
| Race/ethnicity, No. (%) | ||||||||||
| Asian | 110 (21.0) | 55 (23.5) | 26 (23.2) | 23 (18.9) | 6 (10.5) | 28 (26.9) | .02 | 68 (23.2) | 42 (18.1) | .12 |
| Black | 81 (15.4) | 20 (8.5) | 22 (19.6) | 27 (22.1) | 12 (21.1) | 9 (8.7) | 35 (11.9) | 46 (19.8) | ||
| White | 279 (53.1) | 129 (55.1) | 52 (46.4) | 65 (53.3) | 33 (57.9) | 50 (48.1) | 160 (54.6) | 119 (51.3) | ||
| Hispanic | 40 (7.6) | 23 (9.8) | 6 (5.4) | 5 (4.1) | 6 (10.5) | 16 (15.4) | 21 (7.2) | 19 (8.2) | ||
| Other | 15 (2.9) | 7 (3.0) | 6 (5.4) | 2 (1.6) | 0 | 1 (1.0) | 9 (3.1) | 6 (2.6) | ||
| History, No. (%) | ||||||||||
| Coronary artery disease | 100 (19.0) | 29 (12.4) | 32 (28.6) | 28 (23.0) | 11 (19.3) | 11 (10.6) | .04 | 70 (23.9) | 30 (12.9) | .001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 68 (13.0) | 7 (3.0) | 27 (24.1) | 26 (21.3) | 8 (14.0) | 7 (6.7) | .07 | 47 (16.0) | 21 (9.1) | .02 |
| Tobacco use | 211 (40.2) | 73 (31.2) | 55 (49.1) | 54 (44.3) | 29 (50.9) | 20 (19.2) | <.001 | 115 (39.2) | 96 (41.4) | .62 |
| Hypertension | 290 (55.2) | 88 (37.6) | 87 (77.7) | 78 (63.9) | 37 (64.9) | 28 (26.9) | .001 | 175 (59.7) | 115 (49.6) | .02 |
| Diabetes | 117 (22.3) | 47 (20.1) | 33 (29.5) | 24 (19.7) | 13 (22.8) | 13 (12.5) | .02 | 72 (24.6) | 45 (19.4) | .16 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 58 (11.0) | 7 (3.0) | 23 (20.5) | 19 (15.6) | 9 (15.8) | 9 (8.7) | .47 | 33 (11.3) | 25 (10.8) | .86 |
| Depression | 93 (17.7) | 17 (7.3) | 12 (10.7) | 32 (26.2) | 32 (56.1) | 7 (6.7) | .005 | 37 (12.6) | 56 (24.1) | <.001 |
| Schizophrenia | 36 (6.9) | 3 (1.3) | 6 (5.4) | 18 (14.8) | 9 (15.8) | 4 (3.8) | .25 | 16 (5.5) | 20 (8.6) | .15 |
| Any psychiatric disordera | 143 (27.2) | 28 (12.0) | 23 (20.5) | 53 (43.4) | 39 (68.4) | 17 (16.3) | .02 | 61 (20.8) | 82 (35.3) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: QTPM, QT-prolonging medication; SAD, sudden arrhythmic death; SCD, sudden cardiac death.
a
Includes a prior diagnosis of anxiety, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, depression, insomnia, mood disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychosis, or schizophrenia.