. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 11.

Published in final edited form as: Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019 May 13;27(13):1412–1422. doi: 10.1177/2047487319850717

Table 3.

Results from Cox proportional hazard models estimating the association between PTSD and OAU and incident CVD (n=2,861)

	Model 1 – Age-adjusted	Model 2 – Fully adjusted
	HR (95%CI)	HR (95%CI)

OAU within PTSD strata
No PTSD: OAU vs. no OAU	2.35 (1.61–3.43)	1.99 (1.36–2.92)
PTSD: OAU vs. no OAU	2.81 (2.16–3.66)	2.70 (2.07–3.52)
OAU*PTSD
None	1.00	1.00
PTSD only	1.24 (1.01–1.54)	0.82 (0.63–1.17)
OAU only	2.35 (1.61–3.43)	1.99 (1.36–2.92)
PTSD+OAU	3.49 (2.66–4.59)	2.20 (1.61–3.02)^*
	Estimate (95% CI)	Estimate (95% CI)
Multiplicative interaction
Ratio of OAU HR’s within PTSD strata	1.20 (0.77–1.87)	1.35 (0.86–2.12)
Additive interaction
RERI	0.90 (−0.17, 1.98)	0.39 (−0.45, 1.24)

Note: CVD=cardiovascular disease; OAU=opioid analgesic use; HR=hazard ratio; CI=confidence interval; RERI=relative excess risk due to interaction

fully adjusted model with hazard ratios for all covariates shown in Appendix B.

Significant estimates are bolded