Table 2. PON1 activity in major depressive disorder (MDD).

Subjects	N	Genotyped for PON1?	PON1 Activity Substrate	Exclusion Criteria	Statistical Adjustment of the Data	Results	Refs.
Adults drug-free for at least 3 weeks	CON: 36 Cases: 86	Q192R	PO PA	Comorbid axis I or II DSM-IV condition, significant suicide risk, other diseases judged from clinical and laboratory examination	Smoking	Normal POase Normal AREase	[34]
Women antidepressant-naive	CON: 35 Cases: 35	No	PA	History of CV and cerebrovascular diseases, DM, hepatic and/or renal diseases, hypothyroidism, malignancies, macroalbuminuria, excessive alcohol consumption, use of hypolipidemic, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, antioxidants	NI	Normal AREase	[35]
Adults	CON: 22 Cases: 24	No	PO PA	Use of alcohol, smoking, GI disease or operation, walking >1 km/ day, health complaints in the previous month, follicular phase	NI	Normal POase ↓ AREase	[36]
Adults drug-free for 3 months	CON: 44 Cases: 73	No	PO PA	Comorbid axis I or II DSM-IV condition, use of alcohol or other substances, diagnosis of a physical disease or syndrome, presence of early CVD in first-degree relatives, pregnancy, BMI>30, regular drug treatment, heavy smokers	NI	Normal POase ↓ AREase	[37]
Adults	CON: 199 Cases: 91	Q192R	PO PA	Comorbid axis I DSM-IV condition, any major medical illness, use of immunoregulatory drugs, acute inflammatory or infective reactions the month prior to the study	Sex, age, BMI, education, smoking, PON1 genotype	↓ AREase	[38]

Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; CON: control group; CVD: cardiovascular disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; GI: gastrointestinal; NI: not informed; PA: phenyl acetate; PO: paraoxon.