Table 3. PON1 activity in bipolar disorder (BD).

Subjects	N	Genotyped for PON1?	PON1 Activity Substrate	Exclusion Criteria	Statistical Adjustment of the Data	Results	Refs.
Adults	CON: 64 Cases: 66	No	PO	Other psychiatric illnesses, epilepsy, mental retardation	Gender, BMI, alcoholic intake	↓ POase	[46]
Adults	CON: 58 Cases: 59	Q192R	CMPA* PA	Comorbid axis I DSM-IV condition, cognitive impairment, neurodegenerative and neuro-inflammatory disorders, inflammatory or (auto)immune disorder, use of immunoregulatory drugs, pregnancy	PON1 genotype, age, sex, BMI, smoking, mood stabilizer, education, income, MS	↓ CMPAase* ↓ AREase	[47]
Adults	CON: 199 Cases: 45	Q192R	PO PA	Comorbid axis I DSM-IV condition, any major medical illness, inflammatory or infective reactions the month prior to the study, use of immunoregulatory drugs	Sex, age, BMI, education, smoking, PON1 genotype	Unaltered AREase	[38]

Abbreviations: *CMPAase activity is equivalent to POase activity. BMI: body mass index; CMPA: 4-(chloromethyl)phenyl acetate; CON: control group; MS: metabolic syndrome; NI: not informed; PA: phenyl acetate; PO: paraoxon.