Table 2. Effects of VPA in different animal models of epilepsy.
| VPA Effects in Animal Model | Maximal Electroshock Seizures (MES) |
Pentyl-enetetrazole
Seizure Test (PTZ) |
Amygdala-kindling Model | Kainate Model | Pilocarpine Model | Mice Lacking Bassoon Protein |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Animal model characteristic |
acute tonic seizures | acute clonic seizures |
chronic focal seizures | chemically induced SE | chemically induced SE | genetic epilepsy |
| VPA Anti-epileptogenic effects | + | + | + | + | +/- | + |
| VPA Neuroprotective effects | NA | NA | + | + | +/- | + |
| VPA protection from seizure-induced damage | NA | NA | + | + | +/- | + |
| References | 1, 33, 90 | 1, 85, 87 | 92, 93, 94, 108 | 79, 95 | 79, 83, 84, 91 | 27, 28, 99 |
Legend: “NE”=not effective; “+”=VPA effective; “+/-“= inconclusive data on VPA effectiveness; “NA”=data not available.