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. 2020 Feb 3;10(6):2759–2772. doi: 10.7150/thno.42006

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Characterization of GO-collagen chamber and BMSCs-gelatin grafts. GO-collagen chamber (B) was formed from the hollow cylindrical mold (A) and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) (C), Raman spectroscopy (D), Fourier infrared spectrometer (E) [Black arrow: a characteristic peak of collagen], and X-ray diffractometer (F). Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were seeded onto gelatin scaffolds. The osteogenic induction process was run for 21 days to construct a tissue-engineered bone graft (G-I, I,) [white arrow: calcified area in tissue-engineered bone graft]. SEM showing the cells on gelatin scaffold (J) [white arrow: BMSCs]. Alizarin red staining indicated the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs (K) [black arrow, osteogenic differentiated BMSCs].