CDC and ADCC induction by CD38-specific hcAbs of primary myeloma cells obtained from MM patients. (A) Fresh bone barrow mononuclear cells from MM patients were incubated for 90 min with CD38-specific heavy chain antibodies WF211-hcAb, MU1067-hcAb, JK36-hcAb, isotype control (l-15-hcAb), or daratumumab in the presence of 12.5% pooled human serum as source of complement. CDC was assessed by flow cytometric quantification of the number of living MM cells. (B) Fresh bone marrow mononuclear cells were incubated for 2.5 h with CD16- and GFP-transduced NK-92 effector cells at an effector to target ratio of approximately 10:1 in the presence of WF211-hcAb, MU1067-hcAb, JK36-hcAb, isotype control (l-15-hcAb), or daratumumab. ADCC was assessed by flow cytometric quantification of the number of living MM cells. Data are presented as % living MM cells relative to samples treated with the isotype control. Data represent means with 95%-confidence intervals. Sidak-adjusted p-values are indicated (***= p<0.001).