Table 3.

Proportion of MDR strains among Escherichia coli isolated from food animals

Sample type	% MDR	Antimicrobial class resisted	References
Poultry	92.6	Tetracycline, Penicillin, Quinolones, Phenocols, Sulphonamides, Cephalosporins	[36]
Cattle, goat, sheep, pig, poultry	91.6	Tetracycline, Penicillin, Phenocols, Aminoglycosides, Sulphonamides	[21]
Poultry	42.9	Tetracycline, Sulphonamides, Penicillin, Aminoglycosides, Quinolones, Phenocols, Cephalosporins	[37]
Poultry, pigs	20	Quinolones, Sulphonamides, Macrolides, Tetracycline, Phenocols, Penicillin, Aminoglycosides	[38]
Cattle	100	Phenocols, Penicillin, Tetracycline, Cephalosporins, Sulphonamides, Aminoglycosides, Quinolones	[39]
Poultry	62	Tetracycline, Quinolones, Sulphonamides	[40]
Cattle, pigs	93.4	Tetracycline, Sulphonamides, Macrolides	[41]
Cattle, pigs poultry	45.5	Tetracycline, Penicillin, Sulphonamides, Dihydrofolate, Penams, Macrolides, Cephalosporins, Clavam	[42]
Poultry	83	Tetracycline, Sulphonamides, Quinolones, Aminoglycosides, Dihydrofolate, Penicillin, Phenocols	[43]
Poultry	80	Quinolones, Tetracycline, Penicillin, Aminoglycosides, Sulphonamides, Phenocols	[44]
Poultry	100	Tetracycline, Penicillin, Quinolones, Aminoglycosides	[45]
Cattle, pigs, poultry	65.5	Tetracycline, Sulphonamides, Penicillin, Aminoglycosides, Quinolones, Clavam Glycopeptide, Cephalosporins, Dihydrofolate	[46]
Poultry	40	Tetracycline, Dihydrofolate, Phenocols Sulphonamides, Aminoglycosides	[47]
Fish	54.5	Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides, Sulphonamides, Quinolones	[48]
Poultry	90	Penicillin, Clavam, Penams, Quinolones Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides	[49]
Pigs	80	Penicillin, Penams, Tetracycline, Quinolones, Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides	[50]
Poultry	80	Penicillin, Macrolides, Aminoglycosides, Tetracycline, Sulphonamides, Phenocols, Dihydrofolate, Quinolones	[33]
Poultry	100	Tetracycline, Quinolones, Dihydrofolate, Sulphonamides, Aminoglycosides	[51]
Poultry	65	Tetracycline, Penicillin, Sulphonamides, Phenocols	[52]
Fish	100	Aminoglycosides, Cephalosporins, Phenocols, Tetracycline, Sulphonamides, Dihydrofolate, Clavam, Penicillin	[53]