Table 4.
Polymorphisms in codon 198 in isotype 1 β-tubulin gene of Haemonchus contortus collected in different areas in the States South, Central and East Darfur in Sudan detected by Sanger sequencing
| State | Area | Sample source | Sample typea | Treatmentb | nc | No. of samples with each variant | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GAA | GCA | TTA | GTA | AAA | ATA | TAA | ||||||
| South Darfur | Buram | Abattoir | Adult | na | 11 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Kass | Trials | L3 | − | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| + | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Adult | + | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Abattoir | Adult | na | 9 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Nyala | Trials | L3 | − | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| + | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Adult | + | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Abattoir | Adult | na | 20 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Rehed Al-Birdi | Trials | L3 | − | 8 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| + | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Adult | + | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Abattoir | Adult | na | 8 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Tulus | Trials | L3 | − | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| + | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Adult | + | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Abattoir | Adult | na | 13 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Um Dafuq | Trials | Adult | + | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Central Darfur | Zalingei | Abattoir | Adult | na | 11 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| East Darfur | Ed Daein | Abattoir | Adult | na | 11 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total (and %) | 133 | 14 (10.5) | 0 (0) | 109 (82) | 6 (4.5) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.5) | ||||
aPools of third-stage larvae (L3) (at least ~ 1000 nematode L3/sample) or of adults (trials: 11–84, abattoirs: 10–97 adult male H. contortus/sample)
bThird-stage larval samples (L3): (−) faecal samples collected on day 0; (+) the samples collected 10 days after treatment with albendazole at different doses: 5 or 10 mg/kg body weight (bw) (all study areas), and additionally 7.5 or 12.5 mg/kg bw in trials of Rehed Al-Birdi. Adult male H. contortus: samples isolated from goats slaughtered on day 14 after treatment with 5 or 10 mg/kg bw albendazole (+)
cNumber of pools tested
Abbreviation: na, the situation of anthelmintic treatments was unknown, since adult male H. contortus isolated from goat abomasa at abattoirs