Table 2.
List of miRNA-based scaffolds for bone healing
| Scaffolds | Gene | Vector | Implantation | Time | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hydrogel | hMSCs loaded PEG hydrogel | miRNA-20a | PEI | In vitro | 4 weeks | 86 |
| MAO Ti surface | miR-21 | CS/hyaluronic acid NPs | In vitro | 4 weeks | 109 | |
| Gel culture plate | miR-21 | CS/hyaluronic acid NPs | In vitro | 4 weeks | 110 | |
| CS/TPP/ hyaluronic acid NPs | Anti-miR-138 | CS/TPP/hyaluronic acid NPs | In vitro | 3 weeks | 111 | |
| Injection biomedical fbrin glue hydrogel mixed with BMSCs (post-transfection) | miR-5106 | BGNCs | Critical-sized calvarial defect in rats | 4 weeks | 97 | |
| PLLA scaffold | miR-26a | HP vector-PLGA microsphere | Critical-sized calvarial bone in mouse | 8 weeks | 98 | |
| GP hydrogel scaffold | Anti-miR-138 | CS NPs | Critical-sized calvarial defect in rats | 8 weeks | 99 | |
| miR-335-5p-transfected BMSCs loaded-silk sacffold | miR-335-5p | Lipidoid nanoparticles | Critical-sized calvarial bone in mouse | 5 weeks | 112 | |
| Collagen | BMSCs (post-transfection) loaded collagen-based hydrogel | miR-34a | Lipofectamine 2000 | The tibial defect model in rats | 8 weeks | 10 |
| Atelocollagen scaffold | Anti-miR-222 | Lipofectamine | The refractory fracture model in rats | 8 weeks | 72 | |
| BMSCs (post-transfection) loaded collagen scaffold | miR-148b | Silver NPs | Critical-sized calvarial defect in rats | 8 weeks | 93 | |
| HA | Transfected hMSCs loaded on HA/TCP ceramic powder | Anti-miR-138 | Lipofectamine 2000 | s.c. in mouse for ectopic bone formation | 8 weeks | 9 |
| Transfected hMSCs loaded HA/TCP scaffold | Anti-miR-34a | Lipofectamine 2000 | s.c. in mouse for ectopic bone formation | 8 weeks | 71 | |
| ASCs (post-transfection) loaded porous HA scaffold | miR-26a | Lipofectamine 2000 | The tibial defect model in rats | 12 weeks | 104 | |
| Transfected hMSCs loaded on HA/TCP scaffold | Anti-miR-138, anti-miR-432 or anti-miR-222 | Lipofectamine 2000 | s.c. in mouse for ectopic bone formation | 8 weeks | 105 | |
| Collagen-nHA scaffold | Dy547-labeled miRNA | nHA | In vitro | 1 week | 106 | |
| Collagen-nHA scaffold | Anti-miR-133a | nHA | In vitro | 4 weeks | 107 | |
| Collagen-nHA scaffold | miR-16 | nHA | In vitro | 4 weeks | 108 | |
| CS/nHA/nano-zirconium dioxide scaffold | miR-590-5p | The X-treme gene transfection reagent | In vitro | 1 week | 113 | |
| Others | PCL scaffold | miR-148b | Silver NPs | Critical-sized calvarial bone in mouse | 12 weeks | 91 |
| PCL scaffold | Anti-miR-432 or anti-miR-222 | Lipofectamine 2000 | In vitro | 2 weeks | 105 | |
| BMMSCs sheet | miR-122 | Micro/macro titanium oxide | In vitro | 8 weeks | 114 | |
Abbreviations: BGNCs: bioactive glass nanoclusters; CS: chitosan; GP: β-sodium glycerol phosphate; HA/TCP: hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate; HP: hyperbranched polymer; MAO: microarc oxidation; nHA: coll-nano hydroxyapatite; PCL: polycaprolactone; PEG: polyethylene glycol; PLLA: poly-l-lactide; TPP: tripolyphosphate.