Table 3.

List of siRNA-based scaffolds for bone healing

Scaffolds		Gene	Vector	Implantation	Time	Ref
Hydrogel	PEG hydrogel scaffolds	siRNA	PEI	In vitro	4 weeks	87
	Injectable CPC augmentation matrix scaffolds	siRNA-RANK	PLGA microparticles	In vitro	12 days	132
	DEX hydrogel scaffolds	siRNA-GFP	PEI	In vitro	17 days	139
	Dual-crosslinked photodegradable hydrogels scaffolds	siRNA-Noggin	PEI	In vitro	2 weeks	140
	Fibrin hydrogel scaffolds	siRNA-Noggin	Lipofectamine 2000	In vitro	48 hours	141
	PEG hydrogel scaffolds	siRNA-Noggin	PEI	Calvarial bone defect model in rats	12 weeks	13
	SFCS scaffolds	siRNA-GNAS1 siRNA-PHD2	siPort amine transfection agent	Subcutaneous transplantation for ectopic bone formation	10 weeks	130
	PLA-DX-PEG pellet	siRNA-Noggin	PLA-DX-PEG polymer	The left dorsal muscle pouches of mouse for ectopic bone formation	7 days	142
	PLGA-PEG-PLA-DM hydrogel scaffolds	siRNA-Cy5	Polymer diblock NPs	Femur fracture model	4 weeks	143
	PLLA scaffolds	siRNA-Sema4d	Asp8-Stearyl-R8	Femoral defect model in OVX rats	8 weeks	144
Collagen	Collagen sponge disk scaffolds	siRNA-Noggin	Lipofectamine 2000 (in vitro) Electroporation (in vivo)	Dorsal muscular tissue in the Male ICR mice for ectopic bone induction	2 weeks	12
CS	CS sponge scaffolds	siRNA-Ckip-1 and siRNA-Flt-1	Lipofectamine™ 2000	Calvarial bone defect model in rats	12 weeks	124

Abbreviations: Ckip-1: casein kinase 2 interaction protein 1; CPC: calcium phosphatecement; DEX: dextran; Flt-1: soluble VEGF receptor 1; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GNAS1: guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha subunit 1; PEG-PLA-DM : poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid)-dimethacrylate; PEI: polyetherimide; PHD2: prolyl hydroxylase domaincontaining protein 2; PLA-DX-PEG: poly-D,L-lactic acid-p-dioxanonepolyethylene glycol block co-polymer; PLLA: poly-L-lactic acid; SFCS: silk fibroin-chitosan.