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. 2020 Feb 10;10(7):2949–2964. doi: 10.7150/thno.40783

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Colonization of CNS by cancer cells from a periphery. (A) Metastatic cancer cells from a periphery colonize CNS via penetration to the blood stream, hematogenous spread, extravasation from blood vessels, seeding a niche followed by tissue remodeling and growth of a secondary cancer. Those processes result in disturbance of CNS homeostasis. (B) Perivascular macrophages and circulating macrophages aid in extravasation of cancer cells (1). Subsequently, metastatic cancer cells secrete cytokines (2) activating CNS resident microglia and infiltrating peripheral macrophages to protect, repair, and instigate tissue repair. These events are associated with local immunosuppression, recruitment of microglia macrophages and tumor growth (3).