Figure 5.

Aging diminished M2 microglial activation after peripheral surgery. A‐B, Representative Western blot images of hippocampal YM1/2, Arg1, and β‐actin expression at 6 and 72 h after tibial fracture. C‐D, The expressions of YM1/2 and Arg1 increased at 6 h after surgery in adult mice while persistently decreased in aged mice. There were no statistical differences at 72 h after surgery in both adult and aged mice (data not shown). All data are presented as the mean ± SEM. n = 3‐6; **P < .01, ***P < .001 vs age‐matched sham; ##P < .01, ###P < .001, vs adult surgery, two‐way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test