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Expression of SMAD3 was significantly decreased in A549, H1299, and H1975 cells transfected with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting SMAD3. (A) Quantitative RT-PCR and (B) western blotting analyses of the expression of SMAD3 in A549, H1299, and H1975 cells infected with SMAD3-NC, SMAD3-SH1, and SMAD3-SH2. NC, negative control. SH1, short hairpin 1. SH2, short hairpin 2. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. SEM, standard error of mean.
