Table 1.

Lifetime History of Diarrhea, Growth, Breastfeeding, and Gut Bacterial Diversity Indices at Each Quarter of Life in the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infection and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development Peruvian Birth Cohort

	Age, months
	6	12	18	24
Representation of breastfeeding categories, % (n)
Exclusively breastfed	0	0	0	0
Predominantly breastfed	3 (8)	0	0	0
Partially breastfed	96 (254)	94 (228)	52 (114)	16 (32)
Weaned	1 (2)	5 (13)	48 (107)	84 (173)
Linear growth (LAZ) and incidence of stunting
Mean LAZ (95% CI)	−1.3 (−1.4 to −1.2)	−1.6 (−1.7 to −1.5)	−1.8 (−2.0 to −1.7)	−1.9 (−2.0 to −1.8)
% (n) stunted; 95% CI	22.2 (60); 17.2 to 27.2	31.5 (78); 25.6 to 37.3	42.9 (96); 36.3 to 49.4	40.1 (87); 34.2 to 47.5
% (n) severely stunted; 95% CI	4.1 (11); 1.7 to 6.4	5.3 (13); 2.5 to 8.0	10.3 (23); 6.3 to 14.3	10.8 (23); 6.6 to 15.0
Diarrheal disease, mean (95% CI)
No. distinct diarrheal episodes	2.0 (1.7 to 2.2)	4.5 (4.1 to 4.9)	7.1 (6.5 to 7.7)	8.8 (8.0 to 9.5)
Days per diarrheal episode	4.7 (4.2 to 5.1)	4.2 (4.0 to 4.5)	3.9 (3.7 to 4.1)	3.7 (3.5 to 3.9)
Diarrheal severity score (community diarrheal assessment)	1.8 (1.7 to 2.0)	2.2 (2.0 to 2.4)	2.3 (2.2 to 2.5)	2.2 (2.1 to 2.3)
% diarrheal stools with ≥1 pathogen detected	56.5 (51.3 to 61.7)	71.7 (68.2 to 75.4)	78.0 (75.1 to 80.8)	80.5 (78.0 to 83.0)
No. pathogens per diarrheal sample	0.8 (.7 to .9)	1.3 (1.2 to 1.1)	1.5 (1.4 to 1.6)	1.6 (1.5 to 1.7)
Bacterial diversity indices, mean (95% CI)
Shannon's diversity	1.03 (.97 to 1.09)	1.94 (1.86 to 2.02)	2.73 (2.64 to 2.82)	3.29 (3.21 to 3.37)
Simpson's diversity	0.43 (.40 to .45)	0.69 (.67 to .71)	0.84 (.82 to .85)	0.91 (.89 to .92)
Phylogenetic diversity	7.1 (6.8 to 7.4)	12.6 (12.0 to 13.2)	18.2 (17.4 to 19.0)	23.4 (22.5 to 24.3)
Chao1 index	22.1 (21.0 to 23.2)	46.8 (43.5 to 50.0)	82.0 (76.9 to 87.2)	116.6 (110.4 to 122.9)

n = 271.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; LAZ, length-for-age z-score.