. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Autism Dev Disord. 2020 Mar;50(3):779–797. doi: 10.1007/s10803-019-04308-2

Table 6:

Multilevel Models Predicting Mother-Child Relationship Quality from Child Challenging Behaviors and Maternal Tension/Anxiety

Model Effects	Step 1: Empty Model		Step 2: Add Challenging Behaviors		Step 3: Add Tension/Anxiety		Step 4: Interactions
Model Effects	Est.	SE	Est.	SE	Est.	SE	Est.	SE
Model for the Means
Intercept	51.61^*	0.71	51.00^*	0.72	54.49^*	1.49	53.61^*	1.70
Maternal Medication			1.74	1.55	2.09	1.47	1.62	1.52
Child Challenging Behavior Effects
Level-2 Between-Dyad			−0.14^*	0.03	−0.08^*	0.04	−0.19^**	0.09
Level-1 Within-Dyad			−0.11^*	0.03	−0.12^*	0.03	−0.12^*	0.03
Maternal Tension/Anxiety Effects
Level-2 Between-Dyad					−0.48^**	0.18	−0.42^**	0.19
Level-1 Within-Dyad					0.12	0.09	0.15^{^}	0.09
Moderation Effects
Level-2 by Level-2							0.01	0.01
Level-1 by Level-1							−0.03	0.02
Model for the Variance
Random Intercept Variance	22.46^*	5.43	16.73^*	4.35	14.39^*	3.95	15.43^*	4.22
Residual Variance	10.13^*	1.67	8.98^*	1.52	8.92	1.53	8.39	1.46
Total R²			0.25		0.34		0.34
-2 Log Likelihood	753.6		724.2		720.3		729.9
AIC	757.6		728.2		724.3		733.9
BIC	761.6		732.2		728.3		737.8

Note.

p < 0.01,

^**

p ≤ 0.05,

^{^}

p < 0.10.