TABLE 5.

Association between added sugars intake (% of calories) and percentage of children and adolescents 2–18 y (NHANES 2009–2014) with micronutrient intakes below the EAR¹ after adjustment for energy intake

	Age group
Nutrient	2–18 y (n = 7754)		2–8 y (n = 3423)		9–18 y (n = 4331)
Minerals	β 2  ± SE	P 3	β ± SE	P	β± SE	P
Calcium	4.81 ± 0.63	0.0001*	2.82 ± 0.49	0.0007*	4.48 ± 0.37	<0.0001*
Copper	1.27 ± 0.41	0.0175	−0.006 ± 0.013	0.6806	1.23 ± 0.35	0.0095*
Iron	0.69 ± 0.22	0.0171	0.14 ± 0.03	0.0051*	0.54 ± 0.20	0.0328
Magnesium	3.44 ± 0.42	0.0001*	0.10 ± 0.12	0.3984	3.80 ± 0.36	<0.0001*
Phosphorus	4.32 ± 0.74	0.0006*	0.01 ± 0.01	0.3925	3.25 ± 0.42	0.0001*
Selenium	0.02 ± 0.02	0.4509	0.00001 ± 0.0002	0.9488	−0.01 ± 0.02	0.4962
Zinc	2.56 ± 0.65	0.0059*	0.10 ± 0.06	0.1571	2.38 ± 0.58	0.0046*
Vitamins
Folate	1.30 ± 0.38	0.0116	0.03 ± 0.01	0.0817	1.03 ± 0.39	0.0336
Niacin	0.07 ± 0.07	0.3497	0.02 ± 0.01	0.0482	0.05 ± 0.08	0.5749
Riboflavin	0.30 ± 0.17	0.1216	0.011 ± 0.004	0.0393	0.26 ± 0.17	0.1679
Thiamin	0.42 ± 0.15	0.0286	0.023 ± 0.009	0.0349	0.42 ± 0.15	0.0286
Vitamin A	3.63 ± 0.73	0.0016*	0.49 ± 0.18	0.0309	3.75 ± 0.77	0.0018*
Vitamin B12	0.33 ± 0.09	0.0088*	0.002 ± 0.007	0.7732	0.13 ± 0.13	0.3471
Vitamin B6	0.40 ± 0.26	0.1758	0.016 ± 0.009	0.1143	0.40 ± 0.27	0.1731
Vitamin C	2.42 ± 0.68	0.0092*	0.19 ± 0.24	0.4482	2.11 ± 0.52	0.0049*
Vitamin D	1.53 ± 0.30	0.0015*	1.97 ± 0.52	0.0069*	1.50 ± 0.19	0.0001*
Vitamin E	1.76 ± 0.50	0.0099*	1.37 ± 0.58	0.0489	1.62 ± 0.17	<0.0001*

¹EAR, Estimated Average Requirement.

²Regression coefficient (β) of association of percentage of the population below the EAR as assessed with usual intakes across deciles of added sugars intake as defined as the average of the percentage of calories from added sugars using 2 d of dietary recall after adjustment for energy intake.

³ P-value for estimating the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis that the slope of the association is zero (β = 0) when it is true; *P < 0.01 deemed significant.