Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants according to their BMI.
| Participant features | Normal weight | Over weight | Obese | P value* | |||
| Age (years) | 439 | 76.2± 5.8 | 518 | 74.9± 5.5 | 250 | 74.1± 5.5 | <0.001*** |
| Female | 439 | 218 (49.7%) | 518 | 340 (65.6%) | 250 | 125 (50%) | <0.001*** |
| Education (years) | 439 | 16.3± 2.8 | 518 | 15.9± 2.8 | 250 | 15.8± 2.9 | 0.022* |
| APOE Ɛ4 carrier status (0/1/2) | 439 | 244/159/36 | 518 | 298/180/40 | 250 | 174/70/6 | 0.001** |
| NC:MCI | 439 | 178:261 | 518 | 203:315 | 250 | 115:135 | 0.191 |
| Coexisting diseases | |||||||
| Hypertension | 439 | 189 (43.1%) | 518 | 254 (49.0%) | 250 | 149 (59.6%) | <0.001*** |
| Hyperlipemia | 439 | 202 (46.0%) | 518 | 255 (49.2%) | 250 | 129 (51.6%) | 0.340 |
| DM2 | 439 | 21 (4.8%) | 518 | 40 (7.7%) | 250 | 31 (12.4%) | 0.001** |
| Depression | 439 | 83 (18.9%) | 518 | 99 (19.1%) | 250 | 52 (20.8%) | 0.815 |
| CVD | 439 | 90 (20.5%) | 518 | 121 (23.4%) | 250 | 54 (21.6%) | 0.561 |
| CSF biomarkers (pg/ml) | |||||||
| CSF Aβ42 | 307 | 172.2± 53.2 | 369 | 182.4± 55.3 | 184 | 189.5 ± 50.1 | 0.002** |
| CSF t-tau | 306 | 88.4± 50.3 | 363 | 84.5± 52.4 | 182 | 69.9± 34.0 | <0.001*** |
| CSF p-tau | 307 | 37.4 ± 21.0 | 369 | 37.7 ± 21.4 | 184 | 34.0± 20.3 | 0.126 |
| CSF t-tau/Aβ42 ratio | 306 | 0.60 ± 0.48 | 363 | 0.56± 0.49 | 182 | 0.42 ± 0.31 | <0.001*** |
| CSF p-tau/Aβ42 ratio | 307 | 0.26 ± 0.20 | 369 | 0.25± 0.20 | 184 | 0.21± 0.18 | 0.021* |
| Structural MRI data (mm3) | |||||||
| Hippocampus | 380 | 6721± 1053 | 452 | 6999± 1055 | 222 | 7177± 1110 | <0.001*** |
| Entorhinal Cortex | 373 | 3483± 763 | 454 | 3676± 705 | 214 | 3707± 735 | <0.001*** |
| Middle Temporal Lobe | 373 | 19428± 2904 | 454 | 19875± 2805 | 214 | 20289± 2720 | 0.001** |
| Cognition (score) | |||||||
| ADNI-MEM | 439 | 0.41± 0.74 | 518 | 0.46± 0.76 | 250 | 0.61± 0.77 | 0.003** |
| ADNI-EF | 439 | 0.34± 0.82 | 518 | 0.38± 0.88 | 250 | 0.34± 0.85 | 0.645 |
| ADAS-Cog11 | 439 | 9.06± 4.51 | 518 | 8.72± 4.51 | 250 | 7.97± 4.54 | 0.009** |
| ADAS-Cog13 | 439 | 14.54± 7.00 | 518 | 13.89± 6.78 | 248 | 12.76± 7.10 | 0.006** |
| MMSE | 439 | 28.1± 1.81 | 518 | 28.04± 1.75 | 250 | 28.36± 1.63 | 0.061 |
Data are given as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation
*P values for continuous variables are from one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). P values for categorical data are from chi-square test.
*P-value <0.05;**P-value <0.01; ***P-value <0.001.
Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; NC = Normal Cognition; MCI = Mild Cognitive Impairment; DM2 = Diabetes Mellitus Type 2; CSF =Cerebrospinal Fluid; Aβ42 = amyloid beta42; t-tau = total-tau; p-tau = phosphorylated-tau; CVD = Cardiovascular Diseases; ADAS-Cog = Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale; MMSE = Mini-mental State Examination.