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. 2020 Feb 10;45(4):971–982. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4494

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Copyright: © Chen et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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MPPa-PDT induces MG-63 cell apoptosis. (A) Following MPPa-PDT treatment for 12 h, apoptotic rates were analyzed by flow cytometry and calculated as the percentage of early apoptotic (Annexin V⁺/PI⁻) cells plus the percentage of late apoptotic (Annexin V⁺/PI⁺) cells. (B) At 12 h, whole-cell lysates were prepared to determine cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP protein expression by western blotting. Data are presented as the mean ± SD from three independent experiments. ^*P<0.05 vs. control. MPPa, pyropheophorbide-α methyl ester; PDT, photodynamic therapy; LED, cells treated with a light-emitting diode; PI, propidium iodide; PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1.