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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 30.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Pharm Res. 2019 Sep 4;43(3):297–320. doi: 10.1007/s12272-019-01182-5

Table 2.

Potential antioxidant response elements (AREs) in mouse lung genes involved in mitochondrial function and energy metabolism.

Gene Symbol Gene Title ARESequence/Orientation* Distance to TSS§ PWM† MS‡ Total AREs FI∞
Acaa2 acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 2 gggtcTGCtatGTCACctggc/R −4463 10.8 0.89 6 (5) 1.48
Acadl1 acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, long-chain gtggcTGCtgtGTCACaagtg/R −3512 11.6 0.90 15 (7) 1.75
Acadm acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, medium chain gcaagATGACtctGACaacat/F −4871 8.1 0.765 9 (7) 1.66
Acads acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, short-chain ccaggATGACtgaGCAcccgg/F −4060 14.6 0.936 8 (3) 1.41
Acadvl acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, very long chain tagtaCTGACtgaGGAgttgg/F −2518 8.8 0.796 10 (4) 1.62
Acat1 acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1 attttGGCtaaTTCAGctgga/R −2339 8.8 0.816 6 (2) 1.35
Aco2 aconitase 2, mitochondrial gagggATGAGgaaGCGattac/F −3839 6.9 0.784 9 (1) 1.74
Acsf2 acyl-CoA synthetase family member 2 tttctCTGACtcaGAAatgga/F −1557 8.7 0.815 9 (5) 1.30
Acsl1 acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 ttcatTGCtgtGTCATaacta/R −2001 14.5 0.916 12 (8) 1.66
Adhfe1 alcohol dehydrogenase, iron containing, 1 aaataATTACtttGCAttcta/F −3812 8.3 0.783 4 (3) 1.34
Adipoq1 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing agagaGTGAT acaGCTttgag/F −1461 8.7 0.817 10 (6) 8.73
Adlh1l2 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member L2 acaccATGACcaaGGCagctc/F −4967 8.1 0.764 12 (2) 1.66
Alox15 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase tcactCTGACaatGCTcatgt/F −4763 10.7 0.838 9 (5) 2.33
Atp2a21 ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, slow twitch 2 ttgcaTTGAAtttGCAaatat/F −1200 6.8 0.796 11 (1) 2.07
Atp5c11 ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, gamma polypeptide 1 cagaccTGACgctGCAgttta/F −2442 10.1 0.855 9 (6) 1.44
Atp5g11 ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F0 complex, subunit c1 tatgtTGCtatGTAACcccgg/R −3067 11.4 0.807 9 (3) 1.83
Atp5k1 ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1F0 complex, subunit aaaacCTGACaaaGCAtacat/F −2805 12.3 0.895 16 (9) 1.49
Bckdha branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase E1, alpha polypeptide tagatAGCatgGTCAGggcca/R −3157 7.8 0.81 6 (3) 1.26
Bckshb branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase E1, beta polypeptide gacaaATAACtcaGCAgggat/F −118 8.7 0.825 9 (5) 1.38
Bdh1 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, type 1 tgtgaAGCtgtGTCACcaagg/R −4175 9.6 0.877 14 (6) 1.95
Car5b carbonic anhydrase 5b, mitochondrial taagaATGAGcctGCAattga/F −3847 10.8 0.808 6 (3) 1.46
Casq2 calsequestrin 2 aggacTGCttaGTCACacaca/R −3816 13.5 0.923 8 (5) 5.03
ChkbCpt1b carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b, muscle caaatCTCtgtGTCAGgagta/R −2798 8.9 0.767 5 (4) 3.98
Cidea1 cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor, alpha subunitlike effector A atgacTTCtgaGTCAAggggc/R −1960 11 0.832 7 (2) 6.88
Clybl1 citrate lyase beta like cccCTTGATtctGCAatcca/F −3233 9.7 0.831 8 (5) 1.76
Coq31 coenzyme Q3 homolog, metliyltransferase tgacaGTGAT agaGCAgctgg/F −1014 10.6 0.835 7 (5) 1.37
Coq7 demethyl-Q 7 caactTGCtgtGTCATccagg/R −1516 16.1 0.927 17 (9) 1.32
Coq91 coenzyme Q9 homolog ctaccCTGACtcaGCAaaaag/F −4217 17.4 0.96 10 (8) 1.62
Cox4i11 cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isol’onn 1 aggccTGCgtaGTCAGcttca/R −276 8.8 0.87 5 (3) 1.30
Cox5a1 cytochrome c oxidase, subunit Va gagagATGACttaGCTgctct F −2459 9.4 0.878 11 (4) 1.49
Cox5b cytochrome c oxidase, subunit Vb tgctcCTGACtgaGCTcatga F −2340 9.7 0.875 11 (7) 1.52
Cox6b1 cytochrome c oxidase, subunit VIb polypeptide 1 aaaccCTGACtaagCTGggtg/F −4713 12.3 0.899 11 (8) 1.34
Cox7a1 cytochrome c oxidase, subunit Vila 1 agatcCTGACttgGCCctgag/F −304 9.1 0.845 11 (7) 4.06
Cox7c cytochrome c oxidase, subunit VIIc tcatgGTGACtctgTCCttta/F −3785 10.7 0.781 5 (4) 1.30
Cox8b cytochrome c oxidase, subunit VIIIb gttagTGCtgtGTTAT cctgc/R −463 13.2 0.84 5 (3) 3.70
Cpt21 carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 caaaaGTGACtgaGCCacaaa/F −2058 11.3 0.90 9 (3) 1.52
Crat carnitine acetyltransferase ccaatTGCagaCTCAGgctga/R −3648 14.6 0.86 5 (3) 1.29
Cs1 citrate synthase gagagATGACtcaGCAgttaa/F 2727 16.2 0.947 11(0) 1.43
Cycl cytochrome c-1 actccAGCtgtGTCAAgttga/R −4786 12 0.892 8 (3) 1.68
Cycs1 cytochrome c, somatic acccaGGCttgGTCAAggctl/R −421 6.7 0.84 8 (3) 1.70
Cyp2e1 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 taagaTTGACtcaGCCtgagc/F −2573 12.3 0.911 6 (5) 3.52
Decrl1 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial ggagcTGCtgaATCAGgtcct/R −4367 9.5 0.854 8 (5) 1.58
Dgat2 diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 gcagcATCAGtcaGCAtgtct/F −1343 9.8 0.788 10 (5) 2.47
Dhrs7c dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase gactcATAACtcaGCAgttcc/F −2314 10.8 0.838 10 (4) 3.51
Dlat1 dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase ctagtGTCACtgaGCAgcatc/F −1643 7.9 0.819 7 (1) 1.49
Dut deoxyuridine triphosphatase, mitochondrial aataaTGCcctGTCATgtgta/R −3266 10.8 0.85 8 (4) 1.30
Echl enoyl coenzyme A hydratase 1, peroxisomal tcttgTGCtgcCTCATggagg/R −4260 11.2 0.847 8 (6) 1.56
Echsl enoyl Coenzyme A hydratase, short chain, 1, mitochondrial caaccCTGACacaGCAggaca/F −852 15.2 0.925 9 (7) 1.43
Eci1 dodecenoyl-Coenzyme A delta isomerase agaagCTGACtctGCCtgaga/F −643 9.2 0.859 7 (4) 1.34
Endog endonuclease G tggctGTGATcctGCGcttgt F −2877 7.4 0.768 8 (2) 1.23
Etfa electron transferring llavoprotein, alpha polypeptide actctTGCtgaGTCATctggt R −2545 16.4 0.951 10 (6) 1.52
Etfb electron transferring flavoprotein, beta polypeptide atatcTGCtgcCTCACagaga/R −3260 11.3 0.849 7 (3) 1.48
Fabp31 fatly acid binding protein 3, muscle and heart tgagtGTGACcatGCCctgaa/F −1115 8.1 0.82 13 (6) 3.10
Fh1 fumarate hydratase 1 gcagtCTGACacaGTAaacat F −4197 10.5 0.808 7 (4) 1.35
Gatd3a Glutamine amidotransferase-like class 1 domain-containing protein 3A, mitochondrial tcagcATGAGttgGCAcctgt/F −1503 12.5 0.833 10 (5) 1.48
Gpd1 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 taaccTGCtgtCTCAGtgtcc R −4600 12 0.851 7 (5) 2.19
Gpx21 glutathione peroxidase 2 ccgggATGACttaGCAaaaaa F 59 16.6 0.937 13 (11) 1.78
Gstm41 glutathione S-transferase, mu 4 tacctGTGACtcaGCAtcttc F −2627 19 0.992 1 1 (3) 1.30
Gsto11 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 tggatAGCtgaGTCACtgccc/R −2726 13.1 0.916 9 (6) 2.22
Hadhb hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase taaagGTGAAttaGCAcccag/F −1398 10.3 0.853 10 (6) 1.50
Hibadh 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase caaagGGCtaaG’l CATagttt R −2325 14.7 0.914 6 (4) 1.27
Hibch 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-Coenzyme A hydrolase ccacaATGACacaGTTcctct F −2170 9.4 0.787 9 (4) 1.45
Hk2 hexokinase 2 gccacCGCcgcGTCAGgctca R −265 9.3 0.836 7 (4) 1.38
Hrc histidine rich calcium binding protein ctcagGGCtctGTCACtgata R −4140 10.1 0.862 11 (7) 3.75
Idh3a1 isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) alpha tttctCTGACtcaGCActttg/F −2163 14.9 0.942 12 (6) 1.56
Ifi27l2a interferon, alpha-inducible protein 27 like 2A tatttTTCtgtGTCATccata/R −3889 11.4 0.803 7 (5) 5.07
Ldhb1 lactate dehydrogenase B gccacTGCaaaGTCAGcaggc/R 65 10.1 0.869 13 (8) 1.43
Macrodl1 MACRO domain containing 1 ttaacTGCtgaGTCATctctc/R −1327 16.2 0.947 8 (5) 1.58
Mdh2 malate dehydrogenase 2, NAD (mitochondrial) ttgctTTCtctGTCACtgtcc/R −1518 7.6 0.782 13 (3) 1.37
Me3 malic enzyme 3, NADP(+)-dependent, mitochondrial actatTGCaaaGTCAActagg/R −4844 10.4 0.873 7 (2) 1.92
Mfn2 mitofusin 2 ctctgTGCtgaTTCAGgtcca R 1472 11.2 0.861 4 (2) 1.42
Mpcl1 mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 tgtagTGCtgaTTAATgatta R −3305 11.1 0.788 11 (7) 1.41
Mrpl12 mitochondrial ribosomal protein L12 gattcTGCagaCTCATctggt R −559 10.9 0.833 4 (3) 1.4
Mybpc3 myosin binding protein C, cardiac tgcacATGACttaGGAgcagg/F −899 9.3 0.801 10 (3) 4.90
Myh7 myosin, heavy polypeptide 7, cardiac muscle, beta tcaagCTGACttaGACaattc/F −4150 9.4 0.789 12 (4) 3.63
Myl3 myosin, light polypeptide 3 gagtcTGCtgtGTCAAggggt/R −2096 14.1 0.92 10 (1) 5.90
Mylk3 myosin light chain kinase 3 acacaGTAACccaGCAcatta/F −2004 12.5 0.834 9 (8) 4.25
Mylk4 myosin light chain kinase family, member 4 tcttgGGCagtGTCACcatag/R −1053 9.7 0.843 10 (7) 2.49
Myom2 myomesin 2 cagatTGCtatGTCACactga/R −3988 16.3 0.924 17 (10) 4.29
Ndrg41 N-myc downstream regulated gene 4 cggcaATGAGtgtGCAgaaag/F −2645 8.7 0.805 17 (11) 5.77
Ndufa11 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 1 gtgagATGACtcaGCGggtaa/F −2810 11.1 0.901 11 (6) 1.31
Ndufa101 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex 10 cacaaATGAAtcaGCAcaaat/F −2392 12.1 0.867 7 (3) 1.47
Ndufa4 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 4 aagctGTGACaaaGTAtcata/F −4369 7.9 0.778 4 (3) 1.35
Ndufa51 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 5 gcttcTGCttaGTAAT cgtgt/R −3593 14.8 0.855 6 (4) 1.59
Ndufa8 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 8 tcaggCTGATcttGCAaataa/F −1464 8 0.781 7 (2) 1.34
Ndufa91 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 9 agtttGGCggaGTCATtctca/R −2217 12.5 0.879 10 (6) 1.48
Ndufab11 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1, alpha/beta subcomplex, 1 cattcTGCcttGTCATggtca/R −3775 15.3 0.88 8 (4) 1.61
Ndufb51 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 5 gcgacTGCaagGTCACgctct/R −531 10.4 0.852 11 (7) 1.37
Ndufb71 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 7 aggagGGCtcaGTCATtactg/R −776 9.9 0.881 11 (4) 1.43
Ndufb8 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex 8 gagttGCCttgGTCATggtgt/R −1792 9 0.768 9 (5) 1.50
Ndufb91 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 9 ccacaATAACtcaGCActccg/F −3274 13.7 0.866 13 (5) 1.46
Ndufs11 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 1 ctggcCGCtaaGTCAAtatgg/R 171 9.7 0.889 11 (6) 1.63
Ndufs21 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 2 ttcacTGCttaGTCACactct/R −1449 15.3 0.937 14 (5) 1.44
Ndufs3 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 3 gctttTGCcgaGTCACtaagg/R −2898 14.2 0.907 7 (4) 1.44
Ndufs61 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 6 tctgaTGCcaaGTAACcttga/R −2794 9.5 0.794 7 (4) 1.43
Ndufv11 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 1 ccttcTGCtttGTCAGacaga/R −846 12.7 0.894 11 (5) 1.41
Ndufv2 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 2 gcttcGGCtgtGTAAGagtca/R −4523 10 0.793 6 (3) 1.44
Ndufv3 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 3 gcatgGTGAGactGCCttaaa/F −3718 8.5 0.786 3 (2) 1.50
Nnmt nicotinamide N-methyltransferase catttTGCtgaATGAT catgc/R −2776 10.8 0.79 7 (4) 1.74
Nppa natriuretic peptide type A atattTGCagtGTGACtcgta/R −2299 9.5 0.772 14 (6) 31.7
Nudt8 nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 8 tcacaGTCACacaGCAaagta/F −878 14.4 0.846 7 (1) 2.12
Oxct1 3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1 tgaggGTCAGtcaGCAcgctg/F −279 9.5 0.78 6 (2) 1.31
Pdha1 pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha 1 gaagaGTGACtgaGGAagact/F −1276 10 0.814 6 (4) 1.34
Pdhb1 pyruvate dehydrogenase beta ctgatTGCtgaGTCATctaag/R −1822 13.3 0.934 9 (5) 1.44
Pfkfb1 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1 tcttgTGCtgtGTAAGgaggg/R −4051 11.2 0.815 10 (5) 1.55
Phgdh 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase ctccgGTGACtggGCAgggtt/F 59 9.8 0.871 11 (3) 1.98
Phyh phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase catttTGCtgtCTCACaggtg/R −2798 12.9 0.853 8 (5) 1.79
Pkm1 pyruvate kinase, muscle tctgcTGCtgaGTCATtactg/R −2757 15.1 0.939 10 (4) 1.24
Pla2g16 phospholipase A2, group XVI gggagGTGACtgaGCAgagcc/F −4218 10.9 0.909 8 (5) 1.61
Plin4 perilipin 4 tctggGTGACacaGCAgctcg/F 94 14.9 0.924 5 (3) 2.74
Plin5 perilipin 5 taatcTGCtgtTTAAT cctga/R −1 119 12.1 0.773 12 (9) 2.80
Pln phospholamban taaagTGCtgaATCATaatgc R −4526 14.8 0.895 9 (4) 10.1
Pnpla3 patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 gtccaGGCtgaGTCACtgaag R −813 10.3 0.901 4 (3) 3.03
Ppal pyrophosphatase (inorganic) 1 aaaccATAACcaaGCActaga/F −2110 10.3 0.804 9 (4) 1.85
Ppargcla peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha actagATAACtctGCAttatt/F −2195 9.5 0.802 8 (6) 1.76
Ppargcab peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 beta gctgcTGCtgaATCAActtgg/R −2602 11 0.874 10 (6) 1.50
Prdx31 peroxiredoxin 3 ccaacATGAAgcaGCAtatga/F −4476 10.9 0.851 11 (8) 1.34
Pxmp21 peroxisomal membrane protein 2 acaaaCGCttaGTCAGcgcgg R −3633 14.7 0.909 7 (5) 1.50
Qsox11 quiescin Q6 sufhydryl oxidase 1 atagtTGCttgGTCAGgtgcc R −2189 9.9 0.872 10 (1) 1.56
Sdha succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A, flavoprotein (Fp) tatcgGTGACttaGAGataaa F −1070 9.4 0.785 10 (3) 1.31
Sdhb1 succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit B, iron sulfur (Ip) gaaagCTGACgcaGCCcagtg/F −3662 9.1 0.868 12 (6) 1.58
Sdhd succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, integral membrane protein aaaaaGTAACagaGCAaatgt/F −1373 8.8 0.797 7 (5) 1.34
Slc16a11 solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 1 cgcggCGCcggGTCACgtggc/R −212 6.5 0.825 10 (6) 1.33
Slc25a18 solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member aaataCGCtgtGTCACtttat/R −1773 12.5 0.894 15 (6) 1.44
Slc27a11 solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 1 gagcaCTGACtgtGCTagctt/F −1175 7 0.831 5 (4) 1.57
Slc27a2 solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 2 ttcctGTTACtcaGCAggctt/F −4469 11.3 0.844 14 (8) 3.50
Slc2a4 solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4 gagaaTGCctaTTCATcctcc/R −2266 9.5 0.817 4 (3) 2.18
Slc47a1 solute carrier family 47, member 1 ccctgATGACtaaGCAttcca/F −1687 13.3 0.925 9 (4) 4.02
Sucla2 succinate-Coenzyme A ligase, ADP-forming, beta subunit gaagtAGCagcGTCACagttc/R −220 8.7 0.841 7 (2) 1.35
Tecrl trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA reductase-like gaatcATAACgctGCAaaata/F −213 7.5 0.768 5 (1) 2.28
Thrsp thyroid hormone responsive SPOT14 atcagGGCtaaGTCAGactca/R −3275 12.4 0.896 8 (5) 4.11
Tnnc1 troponin C, cardiac slow skeletal gcccaGTGAGgcaGCAccagt F −3469 10.4 0.843 9 (6) 4.85
Tnni3 troponin I, cardiac 3 accttTACtgaGTCATctctc R −3438 10.8 0.823 9 (5) 6.94
Tomm51 translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 5 ccaggGTGACacaGAAaaatc F −906 14.3 0.83 5 (2) 1.36
Tmp1 tropomyosin 1, alpha tggggGTGACtggGCAtcctc/F −2579 10.4 0.872 13 (8) 1.69
Trf transferrin ccaatTGCccaATCACcccgc/R −71 9.9 0.816 9 (1) 1.29
Uox1 urate oxidase taacgGGCtttGTCATccctt/R −4600 11.2 0.863 14 (7) 1.64
Uqcr10 ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, complex III subunit X ttaatTACttaGTCAAtttaa/R −2159 7.9 0.804 3 (2) 1.44
Uqcr11 ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, complex III subunit XI ttttcTGCttgGTCACtgggg/R −3126 13.7 0.901 10 (4) 1.50
Uqcrc1 ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 tttttTGCttaGTTATtttat/R −593 9.1 0.822 4 (3) 1.55
Uqcrfs1 ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, Rieske iron-sulfur polypeptide 1 tctacTGCagaGTGATgcttc/R −2866 11.6 0.814 6 (2) 1.58
Uqcrh ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase hinge protein gtgtgTGCtgaCTCACacctg/R −3276 11.9 0.869 7 (4) 1.38
Uqcrq ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, complex III subunit VII tctccTGCtcaGTCACtctag/R −3503 12.9 0.925 11 (4) 1.50
Usp13 ubiquitin specific peptidase 13 cccgcCTGACgctGCAgctgg/F −106 9.9 0.857 9 (3) 1.36

Selected putative AREs in the upstream of each gene are shown. Full list of potential AREs and details are in the supplemental Table 3 of previous publication (Cho et al. 2019). Bioinformatic analysis (Wang et al. 2007) done for Nrf2-dependent, sulforaphane-induced lung genes in ICR mice (Cho et al. 2019). Mouse genome build mm9 used.

*,

ARE core-like sequence 5’-RTKAYnnnGCR-3’ (R=A or G, K=G or T, Y=C or T, n=A, C, G, or T), forward (F) or reverse complementary (R) orientation.

§,

transcription start site.

†,

position weight matrix score. The minimal PWM of functional ARE=6.4 and the maximal PWM of functional ARE=21.8 (the median PWM of all known functional AREs= 15) in the current bioinformatic model (Wang et al. 2007).

‡,

matrix similarity score.

¶,

Total number of ARE-like sequences determined in the gene loci (including up to 5 kb of upstream and downstream sequences). Number of the potential AREs in the upstream region including 5’-UTR is in the parenthesis.

∞,

Fold increase over PBS-pretreatment control in Nrf2 wild-type (ICR) mouse lung at day 9 after sulforaphane treatment (oral, 9 μmol) on days 1, 3, and 5 (Cho et al. 2019).

1

Genes with Nrf2/sMaf-bound functional AREs based on mouse ENCODE ChIP-seq data (Mouse et al. 2012; Yue et al. 2014).