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Virulence analysis of L. ivanovii subsp. ivanovii strains in MDBK and Caco-2 cells. Invasion rate (A) and cytotoxicity (B) were measured at 1 and 3 h post-infection. Intracellular growth (C,D) was recorded for 12 h post-infection. Bars represent the mean of nine replicates mean ± SD. **p < 0.01.
