Table 6.
Description and function of the genes identified in APOSPORY and QTL regions from linkage map of guinea grass.
| HG | Region | QTL | Gene Description | Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | 1 | qNDF_L10 | Rhomboid family protein | Root growth, floral development and fertility | Knopf et al. (2012) |
| qNDF_S15 | |||||
| I | 2 | qADF_L20 | Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase | CO2 fixation in the cytoplasm | Toledo-Silva et al. (2013) |
| qCEL_L30 | Auxin efflux carrier family protein | Regulator of auxin efflux, differential growth and tropism | Friml et al. (2002) | ||
| Inorganic H pyrophosphatase family protein | Regulation of plant proton‐pumping homeostasis | Primo et al. (2019) | |||
| Vacuolar ATP synthase subunit A | Male gametophyte development and Golgi organization | Dettmer et al. (2005) | |||
| Palmitoyltransferase TIP1 | Stem cell or root hair and pollen tube growth | Hemsley et al. (2005) | |||
| PINHEAD | Regulation of cell division and axis determinacy | Newman et al. (2002) | |||
| I | 3 | qOM_S3 | Plant stearoyl-acyl-carrier-protein desaturase family protein | Regulation of oleic acid | Kachroo et al. (2007) |
| Exocyst complex protein Exo70 | Plant cell morphogenesis | Hála et al. (2008) | |||
| II | 4 | Apo-locus | Inner centromere protein (ARK-binding region) | Regulation of egg and central cell fate and differentiation | Kirioukhova et al. (2011) |
| Somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase 1 (SERK) | Induction of somatic embryogenesis | Albrecht et al. (2008) | |||
| Spc97 / Spc98 family of spindle pole body (SBP) component | Regulation of microtubule network | Lin et al. (2015) | |||
| II | 5 | qNDF_L11 | RING/U-box domain-containing protein (XERICO) | Regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) | Ko et al. (2006) |
| qNDF_S16 | Wall-associated receptor kinase galacturonan-binding (GUB_WAK_bind) | Pathogen response and cell expansion | Kohorn and Kohorn (2012) | ||
| Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein-related | Seed maturation and tolerance to abiotic stress in plants | Zhang et al. (2014) | |||
| II | 6 | qTDM3 | WRKY family transcription factor family protein | Pathogen defense, senescence and trichome development | Eulgem et al. (2000) |
| qRC9 | Eukaryotic elongation factor 5A-1 | Regulation of cell division, cell growth, and cell death | Feng et al. (2007) | ||
| III | 7 | qIVD_L27 | Glycosyltransferase | Biosynthesis of polysaccharides and glycoproteins | Hansen et al. (2012) |
| III | 8 | qCP_L6 | Xyloglucan:xyloglucosyl transferase | Integral plasma membrane protein and wall‐loosening factor | Ndamukong et al. (2009) |
| qNDF_L12 | Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase | Cell wall construction | Yokoyama and Nishitani (2001) | ||
| qNDF_S17 | |||||
| III | 9 | qPL_L33 | Protein thylakoid formation 1, chloroplastic | Vesicle-mediated thylakoid membrane biogenesis | Wang et al. (2004) |
| Secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase | Lignin biosynthesis | Davin and Lewis (2003) | |||
| Gibberellin-regulated family protein | Reproductive development and regulation of growth | Hedden and Thomas (2016) | |||
| NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold superfamily protein | Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase activity (lignin biosynthesis) | Pan et al. (2014) | |||
| III | 10 | qSIL_L35 | Disease resistance protein RPS2 Stripe rust resistance protein |
Immune signaling in response to pathogenic fungiImmune signaling in response to root-knot nematodes | Kourelis and van der Hoorn (2018) Dimkpa et al. (2016) |
| IV | 11 | qPLB8 | Ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase | Gibberellin biosynthesis | Koksal et al. (2011) |
| qNDF_L13 | Phototropic-responsive NPH3 family protein | Phototropic signal response pathway | Roberts et al. (2011) | ||
| qNDF_S18 | |||||
| V | 12 | qCP_S8 | Glucuronokinase | UDP-glucuronic acid synthesis (sugar metabolism) | Xiao et al. (2017) |
| qIVD_S28 | WRKY DNA-binding domain | Pathogen defense, senescence and trichome development | Eulgem et al. (2000) | ||
| P-glycoprotein | Auxin transport | Geisler and Murphy (2006) | |||
| Protein NRT1/ PTR family 6.2 | Transporting different substrates, e.g., nitrate | Corratgé-Faillie and Lacombe (2017) | |||
| Methyl esterase | Hydrolysis of auxin and jasmonic acid | Yang et al. (2008) | |||
| 13 | qADF_S23 | UDP-Glycosyltransferase superfamily protein | Mechanism of normal cell wall lignification | Lin et al. (2016) | |
| V | 14 | qGM1 | Early nodulin-like family protein | Cell differentiation and cell wall reorganization during nodulation | Mashiguchi et al. (2009) |
| qTDM4 | HEXOKINASE | Glucose regulation | Aguilera-Alvarado and Sánchez-Nieto (2017) | ||
| qLDM5 | Pectinesterase / Pectin methylesterase | Pectin structure | Pelloux et al. (2007) | ||
| qSDM7 | NAD-dependent malic enzyme (mitochondrial precursor) | Metabolism in mitochondria | Tronconi et al. (2008) | ||
| qCP_L7 | NADP-dependent malic enzyme (chloroplast precursor) | Metabolism in chloroplasts (C4 plants) or in cytosol | Tronconi et al. (2008) | ||
| qADF_L21 | |||||
| V | 15 | qOM_L1 | Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein | Regulation of cellular and developmental processes | Day et al. (2002) |
| VI | 16 | qOM_L2 | 4-coumarate:CoA ligase 3 | Lignin biosynthesis | Toledo-Silva et al. (2013) |
| qADF_L22 | |||||
| VI | 17 | qGM2 | Galactinol-raffinose galactosyltransferase/stachyose synthetase | Desiccation protectant in seeds and transporter of sugar in phloem sap | Sengupta et al. (2015) |
| qLDM6 | Nodulin-like/major facilitator superfamily protein | Facilitators of water and ammonia transport | Routray et al. (2015) | ||
| qRC10 | Peroxidase superfamily protein | Lignin biosynthesis | Toledo-Silva et al. (2013) | ||
| qADF_S24 | |||||
| VII | 18 | qSIL_L36 | FKBP-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase family protein | Control of cell proliferation and differentiation | Smyczynski et al. (2006) |
| VII | 19 | qOM_S4 | Chloroplast envelope transporter | Ions transport | Höhner et al. (2016) |
| qNDF_L14 | Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase/glycosyl hydrolase family 10 protein | Xylan degradation | Suzuki et al. (2002) | ||
| qNDF_S19 | Alpha-galactosidase | Regulation of cell wall loosening and cell wall expansion | Chrost et al. (2007) | ||
| VII | 20 | qADF_S25 | Lipoxygenase | Biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids | Bannenberg et al. (2008) |
| VIII | 21 | qCP_S9 | 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase | Fatty acid biosynthesis | Ding et al. (2015) |
| qIVD_S29 | Sugar transporter/spinster transmembrane protein | Transport of lipidic molecules | Niño-González et al. (2019) | ||
| qPL_S34 | Ethylene insensitive 3 family protein | Modulation of plant growth | Munné-Bosch et al. (2018) | ||
| Glycine-rich cell wall structural transmembrane protein | Component of the cell walls of higher plants | Mousavi and Hotta (2005) | |||
| NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold superfamily protein | Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase activity (lignin biosynthesis) | Pan et al. (2014) | |||
| VIII | 22 | qOM_S5 | Sterol regulatory element-binding protein | Regulation of sterol biosynthesis | Seo et al. (2008) |
| qADF_S26 | Alpha carbonic anhydrase | C4 photosynthetic pathway | Toledo-Silva et al. (2013) | ||
| qCEL_S31 | Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase | Regulator of root hair tip growth | Kusano et al. (2008) | ||
| VIII | 23 | qSIL_S37 | Pectinesterase | Pectin structure | Pelloux et al. (2007) |