Table 1.

Small molecule compounds-responsive synthetic circuits.

Disease classification	Small molecule compounds	Synthetic devices	Regulating elements	Output effects	Cell lines	Refs
Bacterial infectious diseases	2-phenylethyl-butyrate	DNA	EthR	Increasing sensitivity to drug	HEK-293 cells	Weber et al., 2008
Immunity diseases	Leucovorin (6R)- folinic acid	DNA	miRNA	Modulating T cell proliferation	T cells	Wong et al., 2018
	Doxycycline	DNA	Tetracycline inducible promoter (pTRE)	Disabling T cell activation temporarily	T cells	Wei et al., 2012
	Theophylline	RNA	Ribozyme	Controlling cell proliferation	mouse and primary human T cells	Chen et al., 2010
Metabolic diseases	Guanabenz	DNA	Chimeric trace amine-associated receptor	Stimulating the secretion of active peptides	HEK-293 cells, Hela, Hana3A cells and CHO-K1	Ye et al., 2013
	Cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C)	DNA	The luxCDABE operon	Detecting the transition between Ara-C and Ara-CTP	E. coli MG1655	Alloush et al., 2010
	Phloretin	DNA	Bacterial DNA-binding repressor TtgR	Inhibiting the downstream transgene expression	HEK-293 cells, BHK-21, COS-7, CHO-K1, Hela, HT-1080 and human mesenchymal stem cells	Rossger et al., 2013
	Protocatechuic acid (PCA)	DNA	KRAB-PcaV transrepressor fusion protein	Increasing the insulin level and lowering the blood glucose concentrations	HEK-293 cells, HeLa, human telomerase-immortalised mesenchymal stem cells, mouse myoblast cells (C2C12), and HEK-293-derived Hana3A cells	Yin et al., 2019
Cancers	Ganciclovir	DNA	Herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase	Inducing cell apoptosis	HEK-293 cells	Culler et al., 2010
	4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT)	DNA	The estrogen receptor ligand binding domain (ERT2)	Controlling CAR expression and T cell activity	Jurkat T cells	Chakravarti et al., 2019
	4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT)	DNA	ERT2-CreN-nMag	Controlling CAR expression and T cell activity	HEK293T cells, Jurkat T cells (Clone E6-1, TIB-152), K-562 lymphoblasts (CCL-243, CD38-/CD19- target cells), and Toledo B lymphocytes	Allen et al., 2019
	Doxycycline, Trimethoprim	RNA	Tetracycline-responsive repressor and E. coli dihydrofolate reductase	Controlling the expression of fusion proteins	BHK-21 cells and C2C12 mouse myoblasts	Wagner et al., 2018
	Theophylline	RNA	Ribozyme	Causing cell cycle arrest	U2-OS cells and HEK-293 cells	Wei and Smolke, 2015