TABLE 1.
Participants’ characteristics.
| N | % | Mean (SD) | Range | |
| Sample size | 65 | |||
| Gender | ||||
| Men | 27 | 41.5% | ||
| Women | 38 | 58.5% | ||
| Hormonal contraception | ||||
| Yes | 18 | 47.4% | ||
| No | 20 | 52.6% | ||
| Age (years) | 23.1 (3.4) | 16–30 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.5 (2.6) | 16.1–29.6 | ||
| MPA | 46.5 (11.2) | 24–74 | ||
| TA | 41.0 (10.5) | 23–69 | ||
| Instrument group | ||||
| Wind instrumentalists/singers | 30 | 46.2% | ||
| Other instrumentalists | 35 | 53.8% | ||
BMI, body mass index; MPA, music performance anxiety; TA, trait anxiety. MPA and TA scores can range from 20 (no anxiety) to 80 (severe anxiety). Wind instrumentalists/singers included woodwind instruments (flute, clarinet, and bassoon, 20%), brass instruments (trombone and trumpet, 7.7%), and voice (18.5%). Other instrumentalists included keyboard (piano and accordion, 20%), bowed string (violin, cello and double bass, 21.5%), plucked string (harp and guitar, 7.7%) and percussions (4.6%). Players of flute, clarinet, bassoon, trombone, trumpet, violin, double bass, percussions, and singers performed while standing. Players of piano, accordion, cello, harp, and guitar performed while sitting.