Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants categorised into breakfast consumers and skippers (n 516)
(Numbers and percentages; mean values and standard deviations)
| Breakfast consumers (n 427) | Breakfast skippers (n 89) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | P* | |
| Grade | 0·688 | ||||
| 1 | 149 | 34·9 | 27 | 30·3 | |
| 2 | 152 | 35·6 | 36 | 40·4 | |
| 3 | 126 | 29·5 | 27 | 30·3 | |
| School type | 0·002 | ||||
| Public | 266 | 62·3 | 40 | 44·9 | |
| Private | 161 | 37·7 | 49 | 55·1 | |
| Body height (cm) | 0·389 | ||||
| Mean | 154·4 | 154·6 | |||
| sd | 8·1 | 6·3 | |||
| Body weight (kg) | 0·637 | ||||
| Mean | 45·5 | 46·5 | |||
| sd | 7·6 | 7·3 | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0·909 | ||||
| Mean | 19·3 | 19·4 | |||
| sd | 6·5 | 2·6 | |||
| Energy intake (kJ/d) | 0·176 | ||||
| Mean | 8883 | 8410 | |||
| sd | 2213 | 2598 | |||
| Number of days exercising | 0·158 | ||||
| Every day | 202 | 47·3 | 29 | 32·6 | |
| 4–6 d/week | 61 | 14·3 | 17 | 19·1 | |
| 2–3 d/week | 49 | 11·5 | 12 | 13·5 | |
| 1 d/week | 39 | 9·1 | 10 | 11·2 | |
| Never | 76 | 17·8 | 21 | 23·6 | |
| Work status of father | 0·205 | ||||
| Full-time | 372 | 87·1 | 73 | 82·0 | |
| Others | 55 | 12·9 | 16 | 18·0 | |
| Work status of mother | 0·821 | ||||
| Full-time | 88 | 20·6 | 21 | 23·6 | |
| Part-time | 170 | 39·8 | 34 | 38·2 | |
| Others | 169 | 39·6 | 34 | 38·2 | |
| Eating lunch every day | <0·001 | ||||
| Yes | 417 | 97·7 | 69 | 77·5 | |
| No | 10 | 2·3 | 20 | 22·5 | |
| Eating dinner every day | <0·001 | ||||
| Yes | 414 | 97·0 | 71 | 79·8 | |
| No | 13 | 3·0 | 18 | 20·2 | |
| Eating snacks before dinner every day | 0·003 | ||||
| Yes | 110 | 25·8 | 10 | 11·2 | |
| No | 317 | 74·2 | 79 | 88·8 | |
| Eating snacks after dinner every day | 0·278 | ||||
| Yes | 29 | 6·8 | 9 | 10·1 | |
| No | 398 | 93·2 | 80 | 89·9 | |
| Number of days skipping breakfast | – | ||||
| 1–2 d/week | – | – | 53 | 59·6 | |
| 3–4 d/week | – | – | 12 | 13·5 | |
| 5–6 d/week | – | – | 11 | 12·4 | |
| 7 d/week | – | – | 13 | 14·6 | |
* The P values are shown for the χ2 test for categorical variables and for the independent t test for continuous variables and pertain to comparisons between breakfast consumers and skippers.