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. 2020 Mar 3;10:3951. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59043-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Ethanol induced epiboly and gastrulation defect was partially rescued by sox2 mRNA injection. (A–D) Bright field images showed reduced epiboly progression after ethanol exposure (B; double arrow), which was rescued by sox2 mRNA injection (D). (E) Graph shows the percentage of epiboly progression in control, ethanol-treated, sox2 mRNA injected, and sox2 mRNA + ethanol-treated injected embryos (see text for statistics). (F–I) In situ hybridization detecting ntl expression shows dorsal forerunner cells closely associated to the germ band in control, embryo (F), sox2 mRNA injected (H), and ethanol-treated + sox2 mRNA injected (I) embryos, and a dramatic separation and fragmentation of the dorsal forerunner cells from the germ band and from each other in the ethanol treated embryo (G).