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. 2020 Jan 2;122(5):613–623. doi: 10.1038/s41416-019-0624-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

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Fig. 3 — Structure of R-loops and their formation behind RNA polymerases. Partially unannealed double-stranded DNA allows complimentary single-stranded RNA to anneal to one of the free DNA strands. This often occurs behind transcription bubbles, due to the DNA being in an unwound state with the complimentary RNA being actively synthesised and therefore held in close proximity to the DNA.