Table 2.

 Individual edge effect estimates for the TC and TC-PA structural equation models

Outcome node/parent node (edge)	Cohort 1 (no diabetes/prediabetes)			Cohort 2 (diabetes)
	β	β SE	p value	β	β SE	p value
TC model
OGIS/
LF (is1)	−0.23	0.04	<0.001	−0.11	0.06	0.09
LF/
FI (lf1)	0.41	0.04	<0.001	0.44	0.05	<0.001
FI/
FG (fi1)	−0.06	0.03	0.05	−0.25	0.06	<0.001
IS (fi2)	−0.70	0.03	<0.001	−0.70	0.06	<0.001
FG/
IS (fg1)	−0.67	0.03	<0.001	−0.73	0.03	<0.001
GS (fg2)	−0.26	0.03	<0.001	−0.31	0.03	<0.001
TG/
IS (tg1)	−0.31	0.03	<0.001	−0.34	0.05	<0.001
LF (tg2)	0.22	0.03	<0.001	0.13	0.05	0.006
PF/
TG (pf1)	0.14	0.03	<0.001	0.01	0.05	0.886
GS/
PF (gs1)	−0.05	0.04	0.185	<0.01	0.05	0.967
IS (gs2)	−0.21	0.03	<0.001	0.02	0.05	0.63
PG/
IS (pg1)	−0.58	0.03	<0.001	−0.67	0.03	<0.001
GS (pg2)	−0.17	0.03	<0.001	−0.38	0.03	<0.001
TC-PA model
IS/
PA (is2)	0.30	0.04	<0.001	0.21	0.05	<0.001
LF (is1)	−0.20	0.04	<0.001	−0.12	0.07	0.065
LF/
PA (lf2)	−0.04	0.04	0.234	−0.04	0.05	0.447
FI (lf1)	0.41	0.04	<0.001	0.44	0.05	<0.001
FI/
PA (fi3)	−0.12	0.03	<0.001	−0.16	0.05	0.001
FG (fi1)	−0.04	0.03	0.265	−0.23	0.07	<0.001
IS (fi2)	−0.64	0.04	<0.001	−0.64	0.07	<0.001
FG/
PA (fg3)	0.11	0.03	0.001	0.06	0.03	0.061
IS (fg1)	−0.70	0.03	<0.001	−0.73	0.03	<0.001
GS (fg2)	−0.26	0.03	<0.001	−0.28	0.03	<0.001
TG/
PA (tg3)	−0.13	0.04	<0.001	−0.13	0.05	0.012
OGIS (tg1)	−0.26	0.04	<0.001	−0.30	0.05	<0.001
LF (tg2)	0.22	0.04	<0.001	0.16	0.05	0.002
PF/
PA (pf2)	−0.06	0.03	0.067	−0.01	0.06	0.809
TG (pf1)	0.14	0.03	<0.001	−0.01	0.05	0.819
GS/
PA (gs3)	−0.05	0.04	0.212	−0.12	0.06	0.032
PF (gs1)	−0.05	0.05	0.314	0.01	0.05	0.835
IS (gs2)	−0.18	0.04	<0.001	0.02	0.05	0.696
PG/
PA (pg3)	−0.04	0.03	0.194	−0.05	0.04	0.162
IS (pg1)	−0.56	0.03	<0.001	−0.67	0.03	<0.001
GS (pg2)	−0.17	0.03	<0.001	−0.39	0.03	<0.001

All continuous variables were normally transformed and adjusted for age, sex, metformin treatment (cohort 2), study centre, total energy intake and carbohydrate, fat and protein intake

See Text box for node and edge abbreviations