Table 1.
Participant characteristics at study day stratified by CKD stage
| Covariate | Missing | G1 (n = 835) | G2 (n = 601) | G3 (n = 191) | All (N = 1629) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main characteristics | |||||
| Age (years) | – | 41.4 (30.4, 49.8) | 54.8 (46.0, 63.5) | 63.6 (55.3, 71.1) | 48.3 (37.9, 59.2) |
| Sex (female), % | – | 41.9 | 55.2 | 57.6 | 48.6 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | – | 19.0 (10.2, 28.3) | 25.4 (16.5, 36.1) | 32.1 (21.1, 42.4) | 22.4 (12.7, 33.1) |
| Observability | |||||
| Retrospective study length (years) | – | 5.4 (4.5, 6.0) | 5.5 (5.0, 6.2) | 5.5 (5.1, 6.0) | 5.4 (4.8, 6.1) |
| Length of follow-up (years) | – | 5.0 (4.3, 5.6) | 5.2 (4.6, 5.7) | 5.3 (4.5, 5.9) | 5.1 (4.4, 5.7) |
| Retrospective creatinine readings (n) | – | 9 (6, 14) | 12 (9, 18) | 16 (10, 24) | 11 (7, 17) |
| Prospective creatinine readings (n) | – | 8 (5, 11) | 11 (7, 15) | 15 (9, 24) | 9 (6, 14) |
| Kidney function | |||||
| ACR (mg/mmol) | 21 | 0.4 (0.2, 0.8) | 0.4 (0.3, 1.4) | 0.9 (0.4, 4.7) | 0.4 (0.2, 1.1) |
| ACR category (normo/micro/macro), | 21 | 91.9/7.1/1.1 | 85.9/10.2/3.9 | 71.7/15.8/12.5 | 87.3/9.2/3.5 |
| Prevalent micro- or macroalbuminuria, % | – | 8.1 | 14.1 | 28.8 | 12.8 |
| Incident micro- or macroalbuminuria, % | – | 16.9 | 21.1 | 28.8 | 19.9 |
| eGFR (ml min−1 [1.73 m]−2) | – | 104.4 (96.5, 114.6) | 74.1 (68.0, 81.8) | 51.1 (43.1, 56.0) | 90.7 (70.1, 104.9) |
| Weighted historical eGFR (ml min−1 [1.73 m]−2) | 115 | 107.6 (99.1, 116.6) | 83.2 (76.6, 91.2) | 61.3 (54.5, 70.6) | 93.1 (79.2, 107.9) |
| Prospective eGFR slope (ml min−1 [1.73 m]−2 year−1) | – | −0.7 (−2.1, 0.7) | −0.7 (−2.7, 0.7) | −1.3 (−3.5, 0.7) | −0.8 (−2.5, 0.7) |
| Other covariates | |||||
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 3 | 70 (62, 81) | 68 (60, 78) | 68 (60, 80) | 69 (61, 80) |
| HbA1c (%) | 3 | 8.6 (7.8, 9.6) | 8.4 (7.6, 9.3) | 8.4 (7.6, 9.5) | 8.5 (7.7, 9.5) |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 54 | 1.5 (1.2, 1.8) | 1.6 (1.3, 1.9) | 1.5 (1.2, 1.9) | 1.5 (1.2, 1.8) |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 863 | 2.5 (2.0, 3.0) | 2.3 (1.9, 2.9) | 2.0 (1.6, 2.4) | 2.4 (1.9, 2.9) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 21 | 4.6 (4.0, 5.2) | 4.6 (4.0, 5.1) | 4.2 (3.7, 4.9) | 4.5 (4.0, 5.2) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 9 | 26.0 (23.3, 29.5) | 26.9 (24.5, 30.1) | 27.1 (24.0, 31.0) | 26.6 (23.8, 29.9) |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 6 | 75 (68, 81) | 76 (68, 81) | 70 (63, 80) | 75 (68, 81) |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 6 | 128 (119, 137) | 133 (123, 146) | 137 (124, 148) | 130 (120, 141) |
| Ever smoker, % | – | 61.9 | 65.2 | 72.3 | 64.3 |
| On any anti-hypertensive treatment, % | – | 28.1 | 58.7 | 85.9 | 46.3 |
| On ACEi or ARB, % | – | 26.1 | 52.9 | 77.5 | 42.1 |
We report frequency (as %) for categorical variables and median (IQR) for continuous variables
CKD stages are defined according to ranges of eGFR in ml min−1 [1.73 m]−2: G1: >90; G2: 60–90; G3: 30–60
Participants at stage G4 (eGFR = 15–30; n = 2) are not reported as a separate column
ACEi, ACE inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker