Table 2.
Associations of each biomarker (considered separately) with final eGFR
| Biomarker | Basic covariates | Basic covariates + ACR | Full covariates | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | p value | β (95% CI) | p value | β (95% CI) | p value | |
| Serum biomarkers | ||||||
| TNFR1 | −0.20 (−0.24, −0.17) | 1.4 × 10−35 | −0.17 (−0.20, −0.14) | 3.0 × 10−24 | −0.12 (−0.16, −0.09) | 3.2 × 10−14 |
| KIM-1 | −0.18 (−0.21, −0.16) | 4.8 × 10−35 | −0.14 (−0.17, −0.11) | 1.7 × 10−19 | −0.14 (−0.17, −0.11) | 7.0 × 10−20 |
| CD27 | −0.17 (−0.20, −0.14) | 7.1 × 10−29 | −0.14 (−0.17, −0.11) | 1.8 × 10−18 | −0.11 (−0.13, −0.08) | 1.4 × 10−12 |
| α-1-microglobulin | −0.12 (−0.14, −0.09) | 1.1 × 10−17 | −0.08 (−0.11, −0.06) | 7.4 × 10−10 | −0.07 (−0.10, −0.05) | 2.9 × 10−08 |
| Syndecan 1 | −0.12 (−0.15, −0.09) | 5.1 × 10−17 | −0.09 (−0.12, −0.06) | 1.0 × 10−10 | −0.07 (−0.10, −0.04) | 1.0 × 10−07 |
| Thrombomodulin | −0.10 (−0.13, −0.07) | 2.0 × 10−11 | −0.07 (−0.10, −0.05) | 2.6 × 10−07 | −0.05 (−0.07, −0.02) | 3.1 × 10−04 |
| Cystatin C | −0.05 (−0.07, −0.02) | 5.9 × 10−04 | −0.03 (−0.06, 0.00) | 2.8 × 10−02 | −0.03 (−0.06, −0.01) | 1.3 × 10−02 |
| Matrix metalloproteinase-8 | −0.04 (−0.07, −0.01) | 2.6 × 10−03 | −0.03 (−0.06, −0.01) | 1.0 × 10−02 | −0.02 (−0.04, 0.00) | 1.1 × 10−01 |
| Clusterin | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.04) | 4.5 × 10−01 | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.04) | 2.9 × 10−01 | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.03) | 7.9 × 10−01 |
| Urine biomarkers | ||||||
| EGF/MCP-1 ratio | 0.16 (0.13, 0.19) | 1.7 × 10−27 | 0.12 (0.09, 0.15) | 6.1 × 10−15 | 0.10 (0.07, 0.13) | 1.1 × 10−12 |
| MCP-1 | −0.10 (−0.13, −0.08) | 2.2 × 10−14 | −0.06 (−0.09, −0.04) | 4.6 × 10−06 | −0.07 (−0.09, −0.04) | 4.8 × 10−07 |
| IL-8 | −0.07 (−0.10, −0.05) | 6.5 × 10−07 | −0.03 (−0.06, 0.00) | 5.3 × 10−02 | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.01) | 1.5 × 10−01 |
| EGF | 0.07 (0.04, 0.10) | 1.0 × 10−06 | 0.07 (0.04, 0.10) | 6.3 × 10−06 | 0.05 (0.02, 0.07) | 1.1 × 10−03 |
| EGF receptor | −0.05 (−0.08, −0.03) | 1.0 × 10−04 | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.01) | 3.6 × 10−01 | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.02) | 6.1 × 10−01 |
| IL-18 | −0.05 (−0.08, −0.02) | 5.0 × 10−04 | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.02) | 7.0 × 10−01 | 0.00 (−0.03, 0.02) | 7.1 × 10−01 |
| IL-6 | −0.04 (−0.07, −0.01) | 2.6 × 10−03 | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.03) | 7.8 × 10−01 | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.03) | 7.2 × 10−01 |
| Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 β | −0.04 (−0.07, −0.01) | 5.2 × 10−03 | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.03) | 8.4 × 10−01 | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.03) | 8.4 × 10−01 |
| Amphiregulin | −0.04 (−0.06, −0.01) | 1.0 × 10−02 | 0.00 (−0.03, 0.02) | 7.5 × 10−01 | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.03) | 6.6 × 10−01 |
| Placenta growth factor | −0.03 (−0.05, 0.00) | 5.3 × 10−02 | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.03) | 8.2 × 10−01 | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.03) | 9.5 × 10−01 |
| IL-4 | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.00) | 8.2 × 10−02 | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.03) | 6.9 × 10−01 | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.04) | 2.3 × 10−01 |
| Epiregulin | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.00) | 8.6 × 10−02 | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.04) | 4.7 × 10−01 | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.03) | 4.8 × 10−01 |
| Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.01) | 1.2 × 10−01 | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.03) | 6.5 × 10−01 | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.04) | 2.2 × 10−01 |
Regression coefficients are per unit SD of Gaussianised biomarker
Basic clinical covariates: age, sex, diabetes duration, study day eGFR, length of follow-up
Full clinical covariates: age, sex, diabetes duration, study day eGFR, length of follow-up, ACR, BMI, diastolic BP, systolic BP, HbA1c, HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, smoking status, weighted average of historical eGFR