Table 1.
Baseline patient and hospital characteristics and unadjusted odds ratios for vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury
| Characteristic |
n = 415 n (%) or median (IQR) |
Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 58 (46–69) | 0.996 (0.976–1.016) | 0.671 |
| Age ≥ 65 years | 150 (36.1) | 0.988 (0.497–1.965) | 0.973 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 217 (52.3) | 1.711 (0.863–3.394) | 0.121 |
| Female | 198 (47.7) | Reference | – |
| Actual body weight (kg) | 91 (74–115) | 1.004 (0.996–1.011) | 0.323 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 31 (25–39) | 1.010 (0.986–1.034) | 0.416 |
| Obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 230 (55.4) | 0.932 (0.481–1.807) | 0.835 |
| Baseline serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.82 (0.70–1.00) | 1.386 (0.521–3.685) | 0.513 |
| Baseline serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL | 13 (3.1) | 0.798 (0.101–6.308) | 1.000 |
| Baseline estimated GFR | |||
| Cockroft Gault (mL/min) | 98 (71–129) | 1.002 (0.996–1.009) | 0.486 |
| CG < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 31 (7.5) | 0.647 (0.148–2.920) | 0.559 |
| MDRD (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 94 (74–114) | 1.000 (0.990–1.009) | 0.943 |
| MDRD < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 19 (4.6) | 1.141 (0.254–5.135) | 0.863 |
| CKD-EPI (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 97 (78–117) | 0.998 (0.986–1.009) | 0.687 |
| CKD-EPI < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 223 (5.5) | 0.423 (0.056–3.230) | 0.393 |
| Race | |||
| Caucasian | 192 (46.3) | Reference | – |
| African American | 177 (42.7) | 0.440 (0.203–0.953) | 0.037 |
| Othera | 46 (11.1) | 1.102 (0.412–2.885) | 0.843 |
| Hospital | |||
| A | 193 (46.5) | Reference | – |
| B | 58 (14) | 1.026 (0.321–3.276) | 0.966 |
| C | 30 (7.2) | 2.769 (0.910–8.428) | 0.073 |
| D | 2 (0.5) | 0 | 1.0 |
| E | 30 (7.2) | 0.477 (0.060–3.789) | 0.484 |
| F | 4 (1.0) | 0 | 1.0 |
| G | 30 (7.2) | 0.989 (0.212–4.618) | 0.989 |
| H | 16 (3.9) | 4.615 (1.304–16.334) | 0.018 |
| I | 22 (5.3) | 2.186 (0.572–8.361) | 0.253 |
| J | 30 (7.2) | 1.538 (0.411–5.753) | 0.522 |
| Medical insurance | |||
| Medicare | 137 (33.0) | Reference | – |
| Medicaid | 68 (16.4) | 0.827 (0.279–2.450) | 0.731 |
| Private | 129 (31.1) | 0.875 (0.365–2.102) | 0.766 |
| Mixed | 49 (11.8) | 0.926 (0.284–3.019) | 0.898 |
| Uninsured | 32 (7.7) | 3.472 (1.283–9.396) | 0.014 |
| Admission source | |||
| Home | 375 (90.4) | Reference | – |
| Nursing facility | 27 (6.5) | 0.753 (0.171–3.312) | 0.708 |
| Homeless | 8 (1.9) | 1.345 (0.161–11.244) | 0.784 |
| Other | 5 (1.2) | 0 | 1.00 |
| Social history | |||
| Tobacco use | 101 (24.3) | 1.433 (0.697–2.946) | 0.325 |
| Alcohol abuse | 39 (9.4) | 4.126 (1.831–9.298) | < 0.001 |
| IV drug abuse | 38 (9.2) | 1.529 (0.560–4.173) | 0.405 |
| Marijuana use | 35 (8.4) | 0.896 (0.261–3.072) | 0.861 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Heart failure | 61 (14.7) | 1.573 (0.686–3.606) | 0.281 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 152 (36.6) | 1.736 (0.895–3.367) | 0.100 |
| COPD | 70 (16.9) | 1.816 (0.841–3.922) | 0.124 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 42 (10.1) | 1.717 (0.674–4.375) | 0.257 |
| Chronic venous insufficiency | 16 (3.9) | 0.633 (0.081–4.928) | 0.663 |
| Cancer | 48 (11.6) | 0.862 (0.292–2.542) | 0.788 |
| Liver disease | 24 (5.8) | 0.404 (0.053–3.075) | 0.366 |
| Immunosuppression | 22 (5.3) | 0.445 (0.058–3.400) | 0.423 |
| Psychiatric disorder | 65 (15.7) | 1.714 (0.772–3.804) | 0.181 |
| Charlson Comorbidity score | 1 (0–3) | 1.141 (0.986–1.322) | 0.077 |
| Hospitalization within 90 days | 92 (22.2) | 1.880 (0.924–3.825 | 0.078 |