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. 2020 Mar 3;10:3908. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60705-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Rebound effect of FND monotherapy and preventive effect of supplemental anti-VEGF A blockade in combination with FND on regression the regrowth of blood vessels (A) and lymphatic vessels (B) after the treatment. FND monotherapy significantly obliterated both blood and lymphatic vessels at day 3; however, thereafter blood vessels significantly increased at day 7 in the monotherapy group compared to control group (p < 0.01). This undesired effect was rescued by VEGF-A blockade with significant reduction of both blood and lymphatic vessels in the combination therapy group compared to monotherapy group. n = 10 each group.