Table 5.

Post-hoc pairwise comparisons: paired t-tests (2-tailed) assessing differences in bilateral HG surface area between professional musicians (μ = 310 mm²), amateurs (μ = 297 mm²) and non-musicians (μ = 275 mm²), adjusted for age, sex, whole brain surface area and scanner. Comparisons are corrected for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni). *Indicates significance at α = 0.05.

Pairwise Comparisons	Mean difference	Std. Error	t-value	p-value
Professionals Vs Amateurs	12.4 mm2	09.8 mm2	1.265	0.209
Professionals Vs Non-Musicians	35.0 mm2	11.9 mm2	2.941	0.004*
Amateurs Vs Non-Musicians	22.6 mm2	12.1 mm2	1.868	0.064