Table 4.
Variables | Alive (n = 93) |
Dead (n = 16) |
p value* |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean ± SD | 66.3 ± 13.6 | 72.1 ± 15.3 | 0.13 |
Male, n (%) | 62 (66.7) | 11 (68.8) | 1 |
Department, n (%) | |||
Surgical ward | 34 (36.6) | 2 (12.5) | 0.08 |
Medical ward | 29 (31.2) | 9 (56.3) | 0.08 |
ICU stay | 21 (22.6) | 2 (12.5) | 0.51 |
Oncology-hematology ward | 9 (9.7) | 3 (18.8) | 0.37 |
Underlying disease, n (%) | |||
Solid tumor | 52 (55.9) | 8 (50.0) | 0.78 |
Gastrointestinal disease | 38 (41.3) | 6 (37.5) | 1 |
Diabetes mellitus | 23 (24.7) | 3 (18.8) | 0.75 |
Neurologic disease | 23 (24.7) | 3 (18.8) | 0.75 |
Cardiovascular disease | 19 (20.4) | 6 (37.5) | 0.19 |
Liver disease | 13 (14.1) | 2 (12.5) | 1 |
Hematologic malignancy | 4 (4.3) | 2 (12.5) | 0.21 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 3.6 ± 2.6 | 3.4 ± 2.4 | 0.75 |
Risk factor, n (%) | |||
Central venous catheter | 75 (80.6) | 11 (68.8) | 0.32 |
Total parenteral nutrition | 62 (66.7) | 8 (50.0) | 0.26 |
Previous abdominal surgery | 40 (43.0) | 5 (31.3) | 0.42 |
Corticosteroids | 28 (30.1) | 6 (37.5) | 0.56 |
Previous antifungals | 24 (25.8) | 7 (43.8) | 0.23 |
Neutropenia | 6 (6.5) | 2 (12.5) | 0.33 |
Immunosuppressive therapy | 7 (7.5) | 1 (6.3) | 1 |
Pitt score, median (IQR) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 0.46 |
Clinical manifestation, n (%) | |||
Sepsis | 35 (37.6) | 5 (31.3) | 0.78 |
Severe sepsis | 28 (30.1) | 3 (18.8) | 0.54 |
Septic shock | 8 (8.6) | 4 (25.0) | 0.07 |
Candida species, n (%) | |||
C. albicans | 47 (50.5) | 9 (56.3) | 0.78 |
C. parapsilosis | 24 (25.8) | 3 (18.8) | 0.75 |
C. glabrata | 13 (14.0) | 2 (12.5) | 1 |
C. krusei | 4 (4.3) | 2 (12.5) | 0.21 |
C. tropicalis | 4 (4.3) | 0 | 1 |
Other Candida species | 3 (3.2) | 0 | 1 |
Source, n (%) | |||
Central venous catheter | 60 (64.5) | 5 (31.3) | 0.02 |
Intra-abdominal | 14 (15.1) | 4 (25.0) | 0.29 |
Primary | 8 (8.6) | 5 (31.3) | 0.02 |
Urinary tract | 6 (6.5) | 1 (6.3) | 1 |
Other sourcesb | 5 (5.4) | 1 (6.3) | |
Initial antifungal therapy, n (%) | |||
Fluconazole | 63 (67.7) | 11 (68.8) | 1 |
Echinocandins | 25 (26.8) | 4 (25.0) | 1 |
Liposomal amphotericin B | 5 (5.3) | 1 (6.3) | 1 |
Early adequate antifungal therapy, n (%) | 85 (91.4) | 13 (81.3) | 0.20 |
Early adequate source control of infection, n (%) | 73 (93.6) | 5 (55.6) | 0.006 |
Persistent candidemia, n (%) | 21 (23.1) | 2 (20.0) | 1 |
Ocular candidiasis, n (%) | 15 (16.9) | 0 | 0.59 |
Infective endocarditis, n (%) | 2 (2.3) | 0 | 1 |
ICU admission due to candidemia, n (%) | 6 (6.5) | 4 (25.0) | 0.04 |
Intervention period, n (%) | 50 (53.8) | 3 (18.8) | 0.01 |
All bundle elements successfully completed, n (%) | 65 (69.9) | 5 (31.3) | 0.004 |
ICU intensive care units
aOther Candida species include: 1 C. lusitaniae, 1 C. dublinensis and 1 C. incospicua
bOther sources include: 1 chorioamnionitis, 2 peripheral catather; 2 infective endocarditis, 1 infection from prosthesis
*P values < 0.05 are shown in bold