Table 4.
Volatile aroma compounds (μg/g) of cooked pork longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle from cull sows and finishing pigs
Items | Retention time (min) | Finishing pork | Sow pork | p-values | Identification method1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aldehydes | |||||
2-methyl-propanal | 1.936 | 0.01±0.002) | 0.01±0.00 | 0.0556 | MS+STD |
3-methyl-butanal | 2.697 | 0.02±0.01a | 0.002±0.00b | 0.0033 | MS+STD |
2-methyl-butanal | 2.806 | 0.05±0.01a | 0.01±0.00b | 0.0058 | MS+STD |
Pentanal | 3.181 | 0.01±0.00 | 0.002±0.00 | 0.1146 | MS+STD |
2-methyl-pentanal | 3.281 | 0.04±0.01 | 0.05±0.00 | 0.6552 | MS+STD |
Hexanal | 6.085 | 0.50±0.10b | 0.73±0.02a | 0.0416 | MS+STD |
Heptanal | 9.260 | 0.04±0.01 | 0.05±0.01 | 0.5701 | MS+STD |
(E), 2-Heptenal | 10.748 | 0.04±0.00b | 0.06±0.00a | 0.0009 | MS+STD |
Benzaldehyde | 10.868 | 0.11±0.00b | 0.14±0.01a | 0.0037 | MS+STD |
Octanal | 11.915 | 0.07±0.02 | 0.11±0.02 | 0.1452 | MS+STD |
Benzene acetaldehyde | 12.876 | 0.01±0.00 | nd | - | MS |
(E),2-octenal | 13.189 | 0.002±0.00b | 0.01±0.00a | 0.0018 | MS+STD |
(E), 2-Decenal | 13.981 | 0.03±0.02 | 0.02±0.00 | 0.6472 | MS+STD |
Nonanal | 14.198 | 0.09±0.02 | 0.07±0.02 | 0.5550 | MS+STD |
Decanal | 16.229 | 0.01±0.00 | 0.01±0.00 | 0.8472 | MS+STD |
(E,E), 2,4-Decadienal | 18.295 | 0.01±0.00 | 0.01±0.00 | 0.1402 | MS+STD |
2-Undecenal | 18.999 | 0.004±0.00 | nd | - | MS |
E-2-decenal | 19.075 | 0.003±0.00 | nd | - | MS |
Dodecanal | 19.823 | 0.002±0.00 | 0.003±0.00 | 0.0929 | MS+STD |
Tridecanal | 21.677 | 0.001±0.00 | 0.001±0.00 | 0.1825 | MS+STD |
Total aldehydes | 1.02±0.16b | 1.25±0.05a | 0.0458 | ||
Alcohols | |||||
1-Pentanol | 5.026 | 0.01±0.002) | 0.01±0.00 | 0.5220 | MS+STD |
1-Heptanol | 11.103 | 0.03±0.00 | 0.04±0.00 | 0.0963 | MS+STD |
1-Octen-3-ol | 11.343 | 0.02±0.00 | 0.04±0.00 | 0.2326 | MS+STD |
2-ethyl-1-hexanol | 12.516 | nd | 0.01±0.00 | - | MS |
Total alcohols | 0.06±0.01 | 0.07±0.01 | 0.4646 | ||
Pyrazines | |||||
2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine | 9.558 | 0.01±0.00 | 0.01±0.00 | 0.8533 | MS+STD |
2,6-dimethyl pyrazine | 9.690 | 0.01±0.00 | 0.01±0.00 | 0.7396 | MS+STD |
2-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-pyrazine | 13.575 | 0.01±0.00 | 0.01±0.00 | 0.1572 | MS |
Total pyrazines | 0.03±0.00 | 0.03±0.00 | 0.1014 | ||
Sulfur-and nitrogen-containing compounds | |||||
Carbon disulfide | 1.862 | 0.01±0.00a | 0.001±0.00b | 0.0435 | MS |
3-(methylthio)-propanal | 9.391 | 0.01±0.00 | nd | - | MS+STD |
4-Methylthiazole | 11.423 | 0.16±0.02 | nd | - | MS+STD |
1-ethyl-2(1H)-Pyridinone | 16.602 | nd | 0.01±0.00 | - | MS |
Total sulfur-and nitrogen-compounds | 0.17±0.02a | 0.02±0.00b | <0.0001 | ||
Ketones | |||||
2-heptanone | 8.911 | 0.03±0.01b | 0.12±0.03a | 0.0178 | MS+STD |
2,5-dimethyl-3-hexanone | 10.554 | nd | 0.09±0.00 | - | MS |
2,5-octanedione | 11.472 | 0.12±0.01 | nd | - | MS+STD |
Total ketone | 0.15±0.02b | 0.21±0.04a | 0.0102 | ||
Furans | |||||
2-pentyl furan | 11.581 | 0.11±0.01b | 0.73±0.09a | <0.0001 | MS+STD |
2-n-Heptylfuran | 15.812 | 0.01±0.00b | 0.04±0.00a | 0.0047 | MS+STD |
2-n-Octylfuran | 17.889 | 0.04±0.00b | 0.08±0.01a | <0.0001 | MS+STD |
Total furans | 0.15±0.02b | 0.84±0.01a | <0.0001 | ||
Hydrocarbons | |||||
Bezene | 1.690 | 0.04±0.00a | 0.01±0.00b | 0.0278 | MS |
2-Propenoic acid | 2.136 | 0.02±0.00 | 0.01±0.00 | 0.0571 | MS |
Toluene | 4.929 | 0.03±0.00a | 0.01±0.00b | 0.0097 | MS+STD |
Butanoic acid | 5.591 | 0.01±0.00 | nd | - | MS+STD |
1,3-dimethyl-benzene | 8.299 | 0.03±0.02b | 0.21±0.06a | 0.0041 | MS |
Hexanoic acid | 11.264 | 0.01±0.00 | nd | - | MS |
Decane | 11.847 | 0.02±0.00b | 0.05±0.00a | 0.0002 | MS |
3-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-hexadiene | 12.562 | 0.01±0.00 | nd | - | MS |
2,2-dimethyl heptane | 13.034 | 0.01±0.00 | 0.01±0.00 | 0.1892 | MS |
2,2,6-trimethyl octane | 13.290 | 0.02±0.00 | 0.003±0.00 | 0.2716 | MS |
Z,3-Dodecene | 14.765 | 0.05±0.01b | 0.15±0.04a | 0.0103 | MS |
Benzoic acid | 15.450 | 0.11±0.07 | 0.18±0.06 | 0.4708 | MS |
Octanoic acid | 15.534 | 0.17±0.10 | 0.01±0.00 | 0.1878 | MS |
1-phenyl 1,2-Propanedione | 15.932 | 0.03±0.01 | 0.03±0.00 | 0.9512 | MS |
E-1,9-Dodecadiene | 16.098 | 0.12±0.06 | 0.01±0.00 | 0.1314 | MS |
Nonanoic acid | 17.271 | 0.10±0.03a | 0.01±0.00b | 0.0104 | MS |
2-methyl-undecane | 17.471 | 0.04±0.01 | 0.08±0.01 | 0.2518 | MS |
3,4-dimethyl heptane | 18.190 | 0.06±0.02 | 0.17±0.01 | 0.2602 | MS |
3,7-dimethyl decane | 18.614 | 0.12±0.06 | 0.34±0.03 | 0.4392 | MS |
Total hydrocarbons | 1.04±0.02 | 1.13±0.08 | 0.3187 | MS |
nd, not detected; -, insufficient data for calculation.
Identification method: The compounds were identified by either mass spectra (MS) from library or authentic standards (STD).
Means±standard errors.
Means within a same row with different letters differ significantly.