Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by participant outcome (based on first event to occur during follow‐up)
| Characteristic | In care | Lost to follow‐up | Died | Transferred to another clinic | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total, number (row %) | 1781 (22%) | 5105 (63%) | 516 (6%) | 685 (8%) | 8087 (100%) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 555 (31%) | 1841 (36%) | 212 (41%) | 240 (35%) | 2848 (35%) |
| Female | 1226 (69%) | 3249 (64%) | 304 (59%) | 441 (65%) | 5220 (65%) |
| Missing | 0 | 15 (<1%) | 0 | 4 (1%) | 19 (<1%) |
| Age, years | |||||
| 15 to 24 | 115 (6%) | 418 (8%) | 29 (6%) | 61 (9%) | 623 (8%) |
| 25 to 34 | 515 (29%) | 1723 (34%) | 153 (30%) | 201 (29%) | 2592 (32%) |
| 35 to 44 | 627 (35%) | 1751 (34%) | 183 (35%) | 244 (36%) | 2805 (35%) |
| ≥45 | 524 (29%) | 1213 (24%) | 151 (29%) | 179 (26%) | 2067 (26%) |
| Highest education level | |||||
| None | 155 (9%) | 191 (8%) | 13 (11%) | 37 (11%) | 396 (9%) |
| Primary school | 1501 (85%) | 2050 (86%) | 103 (86%) | 289 (84%) | 3943 (85%) |
| Secondary school and above/other | 116 (7%) | 148 (6%) | 4 (3%) | 20 (6%) | 288 (6%) |
| Missing | 9 (1%) | 2716 (53%) | 396 (77%) | 339 (49%) | 3460 (43%) |
| Occupation | |||||
| Farmer | 1526 (86%) | 2038 (85%) | 105 (88%) | 303 (88%) | 3972 (86%) |
| Non‐farmers | 246 (14%) | 351 (15%) | 15 (13%) | 43 (12%) | 655 (14%) |
| Missing | 9 (1%) | 2716 (53%) | 396 (77%) | 339 (49%) | 3460 (43%) |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married/cohabiting | 1042 (59%) | 2671 (53%) | 219 (46%) | 395 (60%) | 4327 (55%) |
| Never married | 149 (8%) | 842 (17%) | 121 (25%) | 73 (11%) | 1185 (15%) |
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 584 (33%) | 1485 (30%) | 141 (29%) | 191 (29%) | 2401 (30%) |
| Missing | 6 (<1%) | 107 (2%) | 35 (7%) | 26 (4%) | 174 (2%) |
| Distance of residence from clinic, km | |||||
| ≤1 (i.e. resident in Ifakara town) | 800 (46%) | 1935 (43%) | 240 (55%) | 176 (31%) | 3151 (44%) |
| 2 to <50 | 608 (35%) | 984 (22%) | 63 (15%) | 127 (23%) | 1782 (25%) |
| 50 to <80 | 98 (6%) | 605 (13%) | 62 (14%) | 60 (11%) | 825 (11%) |
| ≥80 | 244 (14%) | 960 (21%) | 68 (16%) | 196 (35%) | 1468 (20%) |
| Missing | 31 (2%) | 621 (12%) | 83 (16%) | 126 (18%) | 861 (11%) |
| Partner HIV sero‐status | |||||
| Positive | 329 (20%) | 636 (13%) | 36 (7%) | 116 (18%) | 1117 (14%) |
| Negative | 163 (10%) | 338 (7%) | 28 (6%) | 48 (7%) | 577 (7%) |
| Unknown | 784 (47%) | 3605 (73%) | 385 (78%) | 405 (62%) | 5179 (67%) |
| Not applicable | 389 (23%) | 340 (7%) | 47 (9%) | 88 (13%) | 864 (11%) |
| Missing | 116 (7%) | 186 (4%) | 20 (4%) | 28 (4%) | 350 (4%) |
| HIV status disclosure | |||||
| Not disclosed | 410 (26%) | 1486 (35%) | 76 (23%) | 138 (25%) | 2110 (32%) |
| Disclosed | 1176 (74%) | 2736 (65%) | 257 (77%) | 415 (75%) | 4584 (68%) |
| Missing | 195 (11%) | 883 (18%) | 183 (35%) | 132 (19%) | 1393 (17%) |
| Pregnanta | |||||
| No | 1128 (92%) | 3066 (94%) | 297 (98%) | 417 (95%) | 4908 (94%) |
| Yes | 98 (8%) | 183 (6%) | 7 (2%) | 24 (5%) | 312 (6%) |
| BMI, kg/m2 b | |||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 322 (20%) | 1075 (27%) | 154 (42%) | 154 (28%) | 1705 (26%) |
| Normal (18.5 to <25) | 984 (62%) | 2397 (60%) | 186 (51%) | 335 (60%) | 3902 (60%) |
| Overweight (≥25) | 292 (18%) | 546 (14%) | 23 (6%) | 66 (12%) | 927 (14%) |
| Missing | 85 (5%) | 904 (18%) | 146 (29%) | 106 (16%) | 1241 (16%) |
| CD4 count, cells/mm3 | |||||
| <100 | 335 (25%) | 741 (25%) | 133 (53%) | 126 (29%) | 1335 (27%) |
| 100 to 199 | 290 (21%) | 554 (19%) | 38 (15%) | 104 (24%) | 986 (20%) |
| 200 to 349 | 352 (26%) | 609 (21%) | 34 (14%) | 97 (22%) | 1092 (22%) |
| 350 to 499 | 190 (14%) | 429 (15%) | 29 (12%) | 54 (12%) | 702 (14%) |
| ≥500 | 191 (14%) | 585 (20%) | 17 (7%) | 58 (13%) | 851 (17%) |
| Missing | 423 (24%) | 2187 (43%) | 265 (51%) | 246 (36%) | 3121 (39%) |
| WHO stage | |||||
| Stage 1 | 693 (41%) | 1988 (40%) | 79 (16%) | 229 (34%) | 2989 (38%) |
| Stage 2 | 364 (22%) | 1019 (21%) | 71 (14%) | 126 (19%) | 1580 (20%) |
| Stage 3 | 471 (28%) | 1299 (26%) | 166 (34%) | 215 (32%) | 2151 (28%) |
| Stage 4 | 156 (9%) | 618 (13%) | 175 (36%) | 99 (15%) | 1048 (13%) |
| Missing | 97 (5%) | 181 (4%) | 25 (5%) | 16 (2%) | 319 (4%) |
| Tuberculosis status | |||||
| No | 1488 (90%) | 4747 (95%) | 474 (92%) | 603 (90%) | 7312 (93%) |
| Yes | 164 (10%) | 243 (5%) | 41 (8%) | 65 (10%) | 513 (7%) |
| Missing | 129 (7%) | 115 (2%) | 1 (<1%) | 17 (2%) | 262 (3%) |
| ART status (within 30 days of enrolment) | |||||
| Not yet initiated ART | 530 (30%) | 3172 (62%) | 333 (65%) | 349 (51%) | 4384 (54%) |
| Initiated ART | 1251 (70%) | 1933 (38%) | 183 (35%) | 336 (49%) | 3703 (46%) |
| Year of registration | |||||
| 2005 to 2007 | 121 (7%) | 1312 (26%) | 224 (43%) | 143 (21%) | 1800 (22%) |
| 2008 to 2009 | 208 (12%) | 1776 (35%) | 131 (25%) | 176 (26%) | 2291 (28%) |
| 2010 to 2012 | 344 (19%) | 1069 (21%) | 58 (11%) | 116 (17%) | 1587 (20%) |
| 2013 to 2014 | 417 (23%) | 461 (9%) | 22 (4%) | 93 (14%) | 993 (12%) |
| 2015 to 2016 | 691 (39%) | 487 (10%) | 81 (16%) | 157 (23%) | 1416 (18%) |
Results are number and column % of those with non‐missing data, unless otherwise indicated; missing data rows are number and column %. Missing data for sex, education, occupation and marital status happened before 2013. Missing data for distance, partner HIV sero‐status, HIV disclosure, BMI, CD4 count and WHO stage occurred mainly before 2013. Tuberculosis status was most frequently missing from 2013 onwards. ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, body mass index.
a
Percentages are of number of women;
b
Excluding pregnant women.