Fig. 1.

Subject setup and example visual perturbations. Typical subject setup for the virtual reality groups is shown (left). All 4 groups walked on the same physical beam. For the virtual reality training with perturbations group, each subject’s field of view in virtual reality was randomly rotated 20° counterclockwise (CCW; top right) or clockwise (CW; bottom right). The perturbation rotations are shown on an example image similar to the subject’s view during the experiment (right). Perturbations lasted for 0.5 s and occurred only when subjects placed both feet on the balance beam.