Figure 2.

Examples of Molecular Structures and Antigens in Viral Vectors that Are Recognized by Innate Immune Sensors or Targeted by Antigen-Specific Adaptive (B and T Cell) Immune Responses

(A) Adenoviral vectors. (B) AAV vectors. (C) Lentiviral vectors. Abbreviations are as follows: dsDNA, double-stranded DNA; TLR, Toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; APC, antigen-presenting cell; CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; dsRNA, double-stranded RNA; MDA5, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5; pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cell; and ssRNA, single-stranded RNA.