Figure 5.

Potential Targets for Directed Pharmacological Interventions to Prevent Immunotoxicities and Lower the Risk of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Viral Vector Gene Transfer

Immunoglobulins in red indicate blockage of a pathway with a monoclonal antibody. Abbreviations are as follows: cGAS, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-AMP synthase; CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; DC, dendritic cell; IL, interleukin; INF, interferon; MDA5, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5; MF, macrophage; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; RIG-I, retinoic acid-inducible gene I; Teff, effector T cell; TLR, Toll-like receptor; and Treg, regulatory T cell. Receptor for a specific cytokine is indicated with “R” after the cytokine name.