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. 2020 Feb 20;2020:2580259. doi: 10.1155/2020/2580259

Table 1.

Pharmacological activities of S. alata.

Parts used Country Ethnomedicinal use Solvent used Pharmacological activity Model used Phytochemicals References
(1) Leaves Nigeria Treatment of diarrhoea, upper respiratory tract infection, and to hasten labour Aqueous Abortifacient Pregnant rats Saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, cardenolides, dienolides, phenolics and alkaloids [55]
(2) Leaves India To manage diabetes Ethanolic Hepato-renal protective effects Male albino Wistar rats [56]
(3) Leaves India Treatment of allergy/asthma Hydromethanolic Antiallergic Lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme Rhein and kaempferol [7]
(4) Leaves Thailand To manage diabetes and weight Aqueous Antilipogenic High-fat diet-induced obese mice [57]
(5) Leaves India Treatment of bacterial infections Methanol Antibacterial Pathogenic bacterial strains [58]
(6) Leaves Cameroon Treatment of gonorrhoea, gastrointestinal and skin diseases Methanol Antibacterial Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Vibrio cholerae and Shigella flexneri Kaempferol, luteolin and aloe-emodin [59]
(7) Leaves India To manage diabetes Methanol Antidiabetic α-Glucosidase enzyme Kaempferol 3-O-gentiobioside [31]
(8) Leaves Thailand Treatment of skin infections Anthraquinone Antifungal STZ-induced diabetic rats Anthraquinone [60]
(9) Leaves Nigeria To wash the uterus Hexane Anti-implantation, antigonadotropic, antiprogesteronic Ovariectomized female rats Alkaloids [61]
(10) Flower Nigeria Treatment of urinary tract infections and gonorrhoea Methanol Antibacterial Bacterial strains Steroids, anthraquinone glycosides, volatile oils and tannin [62]
(11) Flower India To treat scabies and ringworm Aqueous Antifungal Aflatoxin producing and human pathogenic fungi [63]
(12) Leaves and barks Malaysia To treat superficial fungal infections Ethanol and water Antimicrobial Bacterial and fungal strains [64]
(13) Leaves Cameroon Ethanol Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory White blood cells [30]
(14) Leaves India Used as purgative expectorant, astringent, vermicide Ethanol Anticancer Male Wistar rats Alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, tannins glycosides [65]
(15) Leaves Indonesia Treatment of malaria; antioxidant and antibacterial Ethanol Antiviral DENV-2 and Huh 7it cells Flavonoid [66]
(16) Petals India As an immune stimulant Petroleum ether Immunomodulatory Garra rufa fish Cardiac glycosides, phenols, anthraquinone, alkaloids [67]
(17) Root Nigeria As an abortifacient in women, for the termination of early pregnancy Ethanol Uterine smooth muscle Male and female Albino mice Alkaloids [68]
(18) Leaves Burkina Faso Treatment of asthma-induced bronchospasm Aqueous and ethanolic Bronchorelaxant, genotoxic, and antigenotoxic Male and female Wistar rats [69]
(19) Leaves Egypt Treatment of skin tumour Methanol Antitumor Human cancer cell lines (HepG2, MDA-MB-231, and Caco2) Palmitic, linolenic, linoleic, stearic acid [70]
(20) Leaves Thailand Laxative Methanol Anti-inflammatory Tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells Rhein [71]
(21) Leaves, flower and fruit Nigeria Laxative and treatment of microbial infections Methanol and ethanol Antifungal and antibacterial Clinical bacterial and fungal isolates Flavonoids [72]
(22) Leaves Thailand In regulating glucose level in the blood Aqueous Antilipogenic Male ICR mice [73]
(23) Leaves Cameroon To cure fever Aqueous and methanolic Antiplasmodial RPMI 1640 and albumax [74]