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. 2020 Mar 3;180(5):1–10. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0146

Figure 2. Campaign Contributions by the Pharmaceutical and Health Product Industry to Federal (Presidential and Congressional) Elections by Source, 1999-2018a.

Figure 2.

PAC indicates political action committee.

aData from the Center for Responsive Politics.23 Amounts were inflation adjusted to 2018 dollars using the US Consumer Price Index.

bContributions from individual members, employees, or owners of companies or organizations in an industry or from their immediate family members; there are limits on individual contributions to candidates and national party committees during elections.

cPACs pool campaign contributions from members of corporations, labor unions, and ideological groups and disburse the funds to political candidates and national party committees; there are limits on PAC contributions to candidates and national party committees during elections.

dSoft money contributions (banned as of November 6, 2002) and donations to outside spending groups and Levin funds. Outside spending groups, which include so-called super PACs, operate independently of and not in coordination with candidates’ committees; spending by outside groups is largely unregulated and unlimited.

eEach year corresponds to a 2-year election cycle; eg, 2000 refers to January 1, 1999, through December 31, 2000. Presidential elections occurred in 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, and 2016.